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Das Martyrium eröffnet Zugänge zu jenen oft genug verdeckten Selbst- und Weltdeutungen, die Gemeinschaften konstituieren. Über das Martyrium als Ort, an dem Gemeinschaften sich offenbaren müssen, als Ort, an dem entschieden wird, was wahr ist und was unwahr, gelingen Peter Burschel Einblicke in den Prozess der Genese und der Profilierung konfessioneller Kulturen. Er versteht das Martyrium als Medium kollektiver Leidenserfahrung, kollektiver Erinnerung und kollektiver Selbstvergewisserung - und lässt keinen Zweifel daran, dass es dazu beitrug, aus Glaubensgemeinschaften Bekenntnisgemeinschaften und aus Bekenntnisgemeinschaften Bekenntniskulturen werden zu lassen.

Christian church history --- anno 1500-1599 --- Martyrdom --- Christian martyrs in art. --- Christian martyrs --- Church history --- Christianity. --- Cult --- 272 --- 284.1*4 --- Kerkvervolging --- Protestantse martelaarsboeken --- 284.1*4 Protestantse martelaarsboeken --- Christian martyrs in art --- Christian martyrs in literature --- Death --- Suffering --- Martyrs --- History --- Christianity&delete& --- Religious aspects --- Christianity --- Christian martyrs in literature. --- History. --- Martyrdom - Christianity. --- Christian martyrs - Cult - Europe. --- Church history - Modern period, 1500 --- -Martyre --- Martyrdom - Christianity --- Christian martyrs - Cult - Europe --- -Christian martyrs - Cult - Europe - History - 16th century --- Martyrdom - Christianity - History --- Martyre

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Martyrdom --- Christian martyrs --- Christianity --- History --- 272 --- Death --- Suffering --- Martyrs --- Christianity&delete& --- Kerkvervolging --- Religious aspects --- Martyrdom - Christianity - History --- Christian martyrs - History --- Martyre volontaire

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The Body of the Cross is a study of holy victims in Western Christian history and how the uses of their bodies in Christian thought led to the idea of the cross as a substitutionary sacrifice. Since its first centuries, Christianity has traded on the suffering of victims—martyrs, mystics, and heretics—as substitutes for the Christian social body. These victims secured holiness, either by their own sacred power or by their reprobation and rejection. Just as their bodies were mediated in eucharistic, social, and Christological ways, so too did the flesh of Jesus Christ become one of those holy substitutes. But it was only late in Western history that he took on the function of the exemplary victim.In tracing the story of this embodied development, The Body of the Cross gives special attention to popular spirituality, religious dissent, and the writing of women throughout Christian history. It examines the symbol of the cross as it functions in key moments throughout this history, including the parting of the ways of Judaism and Christianity, the gnostic debates, martyr traditions, and medieval affective devotion and heresy. Finally, in a Reformation era haunted by divine wrath, these themes concentrated in the unique concept that Jesus Christ died on the cross to absorb divine punishment for sin: a holy body and a rejected body in one.

Martyrdom --- Death --- Suffering --- Martyrs --- Martyrdom (Christianity) --- Christian martyrs --- Christianity. --- Christianity --- History. --- Religious aspects --- Christology. --- atonement. --- body. --- cross. --- heresy. --- martyrdom. --- religious violence. --- sacraments. --- saints.

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In Violence and Belief in Late Antiquity, Thomas Sizgorich seeks to understand why and how violent expressions of religious devotion became central to the self-understandings of both Christian and Muslim communities between the fourth and ninth centuries. Sizgorich argues that the cultivation of violent martyrdom as a path to holiness was in no way particular to Islam; rather, it emerged from a matrix put into place by the Christians of late antiquity. Paying close attention to the role of memory and narrative in the formation of individual and communal selves, Sizgorich identifies a common pool of late ancient narrative forms upon which both Christian and Muslim communities drew.In the process of recollecting the past, Sizgorich explains, Christian and Muslim communities alike elaborated iterations of Christianity or Islam that demanded of each believer a willingness to endure or inflict violence on God's behalf and thereby created militant local pieties that claimed to represent the one "real" Christianity or the only "pure" form of Islam. These militant communities used a shared system of signs, symbols, and stories, stories in which the faithful manifested their purity in conflict with the imperial powers of the world.

Violence --- Martyrdom --- Identity (Psychology) --- Martyre --- Identité (Psychologie) --- Religious aspects --- Christianity. --- Islam. --- Aspect religieux --- Christianisme --- Islam --- Identité (Psychologie) --- Christianity --- Religion --- Philosophy & Religion --- Personal identity --- Personality --- Self --- Ego (Psychology) --- Individuality --- Martyrdom (Islam) --- Muslim martyrs --- Martyrdom (Christianity) --- Christian martyrs --- Violent behavior --- Social psychology --- Violence - Religious aspects - Christianity --- Violence - Religious aspects - Islam --- Martyrdom - Christianity --- Martyrdom - Islam --- Identity (Psychology) - Religious aspects - Christianity --- Identity (Psychology) - Religious aspects - Islam

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This volume brings together seven seminal papers by the great radical historian Geoffrey de Ste. Croix, who died in 2000, on early Christian topics, with a special focus on persecution and martyrdom. Christian martyrdom is a topic which conjures up ready images of inhumane persecutors confronted by Christian heroes who perish for the instant but win the long-term battle for reputation. In five of these essays Ste. Croix scrutinizes the evidence to reveal the significant role of Christians themselves, first as volunteer martyrs and later, after the triumph of Christianity in the early fourth century, as organizers of much more effective persecutions. A sixth essay pursues the question of the control of Christianity through a comprehensive study of the context for one of the Church's most important and divisive doctrinal decisions, at the Council of Chalcedon (AD 451); the key role of the emperor and his senior secular officials is revealed, contrary to the prevailing interpretation of Church historians. Finally the attitudes of the early Church towards property and slavery are reviewed, to show the divide between the Gospel message and actual practice.

Persecution --- Martyrdom --- Church history --- Christianity --- Martyrdom (Christianity) --- Persecution. --- Christianity. --- 272 <37> --- Christians --- Religious persecution --- Atrocities --- Apostolic Church --- Church, Apostolic --- Early Christianity --- Early church --- Primitive and early church --- Primitive Christianity --- Fathers of the church --- Great Apostasy (Mormon doctrine) --- Christian martyrs --- Kerkvervolging--Rome. Oud-Italië --- Persecutions --- Martyrdom - Christianity --- Church history - Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 --- Persécutions --- Martyre --- Chalcédoine --- Conciles --- Elvire