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The air pollution problem inevitably accompanies our human activities. Severe air pollution situations have been reported, especially in emerging countries, and satisfying the air quality standards fully remains an underlying issue. Today, modeling research is one of the more valuable approaches to understanding the behavior of air pollutants, and is useful for regulation-, policy- and decision-making. Such modeling applications range, with regard to horizontal grid resolution, from a few km (local) to hundreds of km (regional), to thousands of km (global). To foster our current scientific knowledge on modeling potentialities and limitations, scientific research related to multi-scale air pollution modeling is collected in this book.

Urban pollution --- Street canyon --- Nitrate aerosol --- CFD --- Air quality --- open burning --- biomass burning --- sugarcane crops --- environmental assessment --- air quality modeling --- chemical reaction model --- urban canyon --- radiation --- mesoscale models --- reactive pollutants --- Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) --- East Asia --- Tokyo --- SO42– --- stabilized Criegee intermediates (SCI) --- wildfire plume rise --- smoke modeling --- large eddy simulation --- emissions dispersion --- WRF-SFIRE --- RxCADRE --- RePLaT-Chaos --- large-scale atmospheric advection --- chaotic advection --- stretching rate --- escape rate --- education --- CMAQ --- PM10 --- atmospheric reanalysis --- PM2.5 --- PM2.5 components --- three-dimensional chemical transport model --- model inter-comparison --- urban scale --- secondary particles --- WRF-Chem --- visibility --- eastern China --- neural network algorithm --- IMPROVE --- n/a --- SO42 --- -stabilized Criegee intermediates (SCI)

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The air pollution problem inevitably accompanies our human activities. Severe air pollution situations have been reported, especially in emerging countries, and satisfying the air quality standards fully remains an underlying issue. Today, modeling research is one of the more valuable approaches to understanding the behavior of air pollutants, and is useful for regulation-, policy- and decision-making. Such modeling applications range, with regard to horizontal grid resolution, from a few km (local) to hundreds of km (regional), to thousands of km (global). To foster our current scientific knowledge on modeling potentialities and limitations, scientific research related to multi-scale air pollution modeling is collected in this book.

Environmental science, engineering & technology --- Urban pollution --- Street canyon --- Nitrate aerosol --- CFD --- Air quality --- open burning --- biomass burning --- sugarcane crops --- environmental assessment --- air quality modeling --- chemical reaction model --- urban canyon --- radiation --- mesoscale models --- reactive pollutants --- Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) --- East Asia --- Tokyo --- SO42 --- -stabilized Criegee intermediates (SCI) --- wildfire plume rise --- smoke modeling --- large eddy simulation --- emissions dispersion --- WRF-SFIRE --- RxCADRE --- RePLaT-Chaos --- large-scale atmospheric advection --- chaotic advection --- stretching rate --- escape rate --- education --- CMAQ --- PM10 --- atmospheric reanalysis --- PM2.5 --- PM2.5 components --- three-dimensional chemical transport model --- model inter-comparison --- urban scale --- secondary particles --- WRF-Chem --- visibility --- eastern China --- neural network algorithm --- IMPROVE --- Urban pollution --- Street canyon --- Nitrate aerosol --- CFD --- Air quality --- open burning --- biomass burning --- sugarcane crops --- environmental assessment --- air quality modeling --- chemical reaction model --- urban canyon --- radiation --- mesoscale models --- reactive pollutants --- Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) --- East Asia --- Tokyo --- SO42 --- -stabilized Criegee intermediates (SCI) --- wildfire plume rise --- smoke modeling --- large eddy simulation --- emissions dispersion --- WRF-SFIRE --- RxCADRE --- RePLaT-Chaos --- large-scale atmospheric advection --- chaotic advection --- stretching rate --- escape rate --- education --- CMAQ --- PM10 --- atmospheric reanalysis --- PM2.5 --- PM2.5 components --- three-dimensional chemical transport model --- model inter-comparison --- urban scale --- secondary particles --- WRF-Chem --- visibility --- eastern China --- neural network algorithm --- IMPROVE

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This Special Issue highlights the latest enhancements in the abatement of noise and vibrations in aerospace and automotive systems. The reduction of acoustic emissions and the improvement of interior cabin comfort desired by all major transportation industries, as these areas have a direct impact on customer satisfaction and, consequently, the commercial success of new products. Topics covered in this Special Issue deal with computational approaches, instrumentation and data analysis related to noise and vibrations of fixed-wing aircraft, satellites, spacecraft, automobiles, and trains, covering aerodynamically generated noise, engine noise, sound absorption, cabin acoustic treatments, duct acoustics, and vibroacoustic properties of materials. This Special Issue also focuses on industrial aspects. Existing procedures and algorithms that are useful in reaching the abovementioned objectives in the most efficient way are illustrated in the collected papers.

History of engineering & technology --- flexible spacecraft --- periodic disturbance compensation --- compensate torque design --- vibration attenuation --- reaction wheel. --- vibration analysis --- FEM --- multibody simulations --- Plasma flow control --- multichannel discharge --- plasma synthetic actuator --- actuator array --- analytic model --- centrifugal fan --- unsteady flow --- vibroacoustics --- fluid-structure-acoustic coupling --- optimization --- high-speed train --- pantograph --- aerodynamic noise --- large eddy simulation --- acoustic finite element method --- transonic buffet --- tangential slot --- steady and periodic blowing --- postpone of buffet onset --- buffet load alleviation --- component mode synthesis --- petrol engine --- NVH --- FRF --- leakage location --- Lamb wave --- beamforming --- spacecraft in orbit --- vibro-acoustics --- MDO --- aircraft fuselage --- aeroacoustics --- acoustics --- noise --- vibration --- aeronautics --- automotive --- flexible spacecraft --- periodic disturbance compensation --- compensate torque design --- vibration attenuation --- reaction wheel. --- vibration analysis --- FEM --- multibody simulations --- Plasma flow control --- multichannel discharge --- plasma synthetic actuator --- actuator array --- analytic model --- centrifugal fan --- unsteady flow --- vibroacoustics --- fluid-structure-acoustic coupling --- optimization --- high-speed train --- pantograph --- aerodynamic noise --- large eddy simulation --- acoustic finite element method --- transonic buffet --- tangential slot --- steady and periodic blowing --- postpone of buffet onset --- buffet load alleviation --- component mode synthesis --- petrol engine --- NVH --- FRF --- leakage location --- Lamb wave --- beamforming --- spacecraft in orbit --- vibro-acoustics --- MDO --- aircraft fuselage --- aeroacoustics --- acoustics --- noise --- vibration --- aeronautics --- automotive

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Currently, the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solutions is considered as the state-of-the-art in the modeling of unsteady nonlinear flow physics and offers an early and improved understanding of air vehicle aerodynamics and stability and control characteristics. This Special Issue covers recent computational efforts on simulation of aerospace vehicles including fighter aircraft, rotorcraft, propeller driven vehicles, unmanned vehicle, projectiles, and air drop configurations. The complex flow physics of these configurations pose significant challenges in CFD modeling. Some of these challenges include prediction of vortical flows and shock waves, rapid maneuvering aircraft with fast moving control surfaces, and interactions between propellers and wing, fluid and structure, boundary layer and shock waves. Additional topic of interest in this Special Issue is the use of CFD tools in aircraft design and flight mechanics. The problem with these applications is the computational cost involved, particularly if this is viewed as a brute-force calculation of vehicle’s aerodynamics through its flight envelope. To make progress in routinely using of CFD in aircraft design, methods based on sampling, model updating and system identification should be considered.

numerical methods --- modeling --- aerodynamics --- Taylor–Green vortex --- slender-body --- neural networks --- shock-channel --- wind gust responses --- installed propeller --- bifurcation --- RANS --- wake --- multi-directional --- bluff body --- MDO --- variable fidelity --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- high angles of attack --- aeroelasticity --- computational fluid dynamics --- wind tunnel --- Godunov method --- flow control --- unsteady aerodynamic characteristics --- overset grid approach --- convolution integral --- MUSCL --- DDES --- dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model --- CPACS --- flutter --- reduced-order model --- meshing --- vortex generators --- hybrid reduced-order model --- microfluidics --- Riemann solver --- characteristics-based scheme --- CFD --- wing–propeller aerodynamic interaction --- kinetic energy dissipation --- Euler --- formation --- square cylinder --- multi-fidelity --- turbulence model --- subsonic --- large eddy simulation --- after-body --- flow distortion --- VLM --- numerical dissipation --- hypersonic --- modified equation analysis --- fluid mechanics --- reduced order aerodynamic model --- p-factor --- URANS --- flexible wings --- chemistry --- detection --- microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) --- angle of attack --- sharp-edge gust --- truncation error --- aerodynamic performance --- quasi-analytical --- gasdynamics --- discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (DG–FEM) --- geometry --- S-duct diffuser

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This reprint focuses on experiments, modellings, and simulations of heat transfer and fluid flow. Flowing media comprise single- or two-phase fluids that can be both compressible and incompressible. The reprint presents unique experiments and solutions to problems of scientific and industrial relevance in the transportation of natural resources, technical devices, industrial processes, etc. In the presented works, the formulated physical and mathematical models together with their boundary and initial conditions and numerical computation methods for constitutive equations lead to solutions for selected examples in engineering.

hydraulic transients --- water hammer --- viscoelasticity --- cross-section change --- fluidic oscillator --- bending angle --- frequency --- pressure drop --- peak velocity ratio --- aerodynamic analyses --- unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations --- natural convection --- van der Waals gas --- analytical solution --- heat transfer in non-Newtonian slurry --- damping of turbulence --- Nusselt number for slurry --- heat pipe heat exchanger --- wickless heat pipe --- heat transfer --- individually finned tubes --- heat transfer analysis --- non-contacting mechanical face seal --- variable order derivative integral transform --- ribbed channel --- large eddy simulation --- immersed boundary method --- conjugate heat transfer --- thermal conductivity ratio --- retarded strain --- cavitation --- unsteady friction --- method of characteristics --- vortex generator --- arrangement --- numerical simulation --- plate-fin and tube heat exchanger --- air-side Nusselt number --- different heat transfer coefficient in particular tube row --- mathematical simulation --- CFD simulation --- labyrinth seal --- leakage --- design method --- kinetic energy --- inverse problem --- steam turbines --- gas turbines --- fluid-flow machines --- electric vehicle --- battery thermal management system --- optimization --- lattice Boltzmann method --- hydrostatic transmission --- hydrostatic transmission start up --- hydraulic drive --- n/a