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The years 1989/1990 saw the fall of the Iron Curtain. Following forty years of significant restrictions, legal and non-bureaucratic travel from East-Central and Eastern European countries was once again possible and travelling and returning to those countries became just as easy. Immediately following the end of the East-West conflict, people from East-Central and Eastern European countries took advantage of their new freedom of travel. Many sought to emigrate to Western countries. However, when faced with such immigration, the euphoria which met the end of the political divisions in the West evaporated quickly. Several polls and surveys, projections and prognoses served to unsettle people more than the reality of immigration. This gave rise to a sometimes blind and specious – yet nevertheless politically effective – fear of a new mass migration of peoples. Now, more than ten years after the fall of the Iron Curtain, the actual scale and development of the East-West migration in Europe be clearly evaluated. This book attempts to do just that, including a comprehensive overview and eleven country-specific chapters. Each chapter includes a historical review, an account of the most important changes since 1989/1990 and a forecast of future migration developments. 1989/90 fiel der Eiserne Vorhang. Nach mehr als 40 Jahren erheblicher Einschränkungen wurde die legale und unbürokratische Anreise aus den Staaten Ostmittel- und Osteuropas wieder möglich. Genauso leicht wurde die Ein- und Rückreise dorthin. Unmittelbar nach Ende des Ost-West-Konflikts begannen die Bürger Ostmittel- und Osteuropas, von dieser neuen Reisefreiheit Gebrauch zu machen. Etliche versuchten, in ein westliches Land auszuwandern. Angesichts solcher Zuwanderung verflog die Euphorie über das Ende der politischen Spaltung Europas im Westen relativ rasch. Mehr noch als die tatsächliche Migration beunruhigten aber diverse Umfragen, Hochrechnungen und Prognosen die öffentliche Meinung. Es entstand eine teilweise unreflektierte und vordergründige, aber politisch höchst wirksame Angst vor einer neuen Völkerwanderung in Europa. Mehr als zehn Jahre nach dem Fall des Eisernen Vorhangs können nun tatsächliche Größe und Entwicklung der Ost-West-Wanderung in Europa klar abgeschätzt werden. Damit befasst sich dieses Buch. Es enthält eine Übersichtsdarstellung und elf Länderkapitel. Diese beinhalten jeweils einen historischen Rückblick, eine Darstellung der wichtigsten Veränderungen seit 1989/90 und eine Einschätzung der zukünftigen Migrationsentwicklung.

Immigration & Emigration --- Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Migration --- European Migration --- European East-West Migration --- Fall of the Iron Curtain --- Migration Policy --- Labour Migration --- Asylum Seeker Migration --- Ethnical Migration --- Europäische Migration --- Europäische Ost-West Migration --- Fall des Eisernen Vorhangs --- Migrations-Politik --- Arbeitskräfte-Wanderung --- Asylsuchende Migration --- etnische Migration --- Auswanderung --- Deutschland --- Einwanderung --- Kalter Krieg --- Polen --- Rumänien --- Sowjetunion --- Tschechien --- Ungarn --- Europe --- Emigration and immigration --- History

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This book brings together contributions by some of the top working life researchers from Finland and abroad. It offers a series of short essay-type chapters covering a broad variety of topics related to how labour markets, work and working life are continuously changing. The book has a strong cross-national approach and stresses the importance of studying both microlevel changes within macrolevel contexts as well as the microlevel mechanisms of changes at the macrolevel. The chapters are grouped in four parts. Part I deals with how life courses have changed, with special focus on the entry of women to the labour market and the determinants of their economic contribution. Part II discusses two circuits of labour migration: that of mostly high-skilled and regulated work and that of mostly low-skilled and unregulated work. However, it also shows that the boundaries between those two are not always clear. Part III focuses on how work itself is changing, using the examples of women attorneys’ pro-bono work in Finland and Poland and the use of lean management in the Nordic public sector. Finally, in Part IV the authors explore the power of institutions and ideas in reshaping the way we work while labour markets are under pressure.

Society & culture: general --- Office & workplace --- working life --- labour market --- labour migration --- paid employment --- lifespan --- equality --- management --- income --- Finland --- Poland --- Nordic countries --- Work and family. --- Psychology, Industrial. --- Income. --- Life span, Productive. --- työelämä. --- työmarkkinat. --- uudistukset. --- hyvinvointivaltio. --- sukupuoli. --- naiset. --- työmarkkina-asema. --- työvoiman liikkuvuus. --- työelämän suhteet. --- perustulo. --- suomalaiset. --- puolalaiset. --- siirtotyöläiset. --- kansainvälinen vertailu. --- arbetsliv. --- arbetsmarknaden. --- reformer. --- välfärdsstat. --- kvinnor. --- kön. --- ställning på arbetsmarknaden. --- arbetskraftens rörlighet. --- relationer i arbetslivet. --- basinkomst. --- finländare. --- polacker. --- gästarbetare. --- internationell jämförelse. --- Finland. --- Suomi. --- Puola. --- Pohjoismaat. --- Polen. --- Norden. --- Scandinavia.

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Labour migration has become one of the hot topics in Europe, especially since 2000 with the shift from restriction to managed migration. This book provides an authoritative account of policy change over labour migration in Europe during this new era of governance.

Foreign workers -- Europe. --- Foreign workers -- Government policy -- Europe. --- Foreign workers --- Business & Economics --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- Government policy --- European Union. --- Great Britain --- Spain --- European Union countries --- Emigration and immigration --- Government policy. --- Alien labor --- Aliens --- Foreign labor --- Guest workers --- Guestworkers --- Immigrant labor --- Immigrant workers --- Migrant labor (Foreign workers) --- Migrant workers (Foreign workers) --- Employment --- E.U. --- Espanja --- Spanien --- Hiszpania --- Spanish State --- España --- Estado Español --- Espagne --- Hispania --- Sefarad --- Sepharad --- Shpanye --- Shpanie --- Reino de España --- Kingdom of Spain --- Reino d'Espanya --- Reinu d'España --- Espainiako Erresuma --- Regne d'Espanya --- Reiaume d'Espanha --- Espanya --- Espanha --- スペイン --- Supein --- イスパニア --- Isupania --- Employees --- E-books --- Noncitizen labor --- Noncitizens --- EU migration regime. --- Europe. --- communities. --- globalising labour market. --- governance. --- labour migration. --- managed migration. --- policy change. --- policymaking. --- restriction.

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This open access book adopts a rights-based approach to shed light on the different legal and policy instruments that have been developed to implement circular migration policies in the EU, and their consequences for the rights of migrant workers. It contributes to the understanding of the meaning of this concept in general and in the EU, as well as specifically regarding its Eastern neighborhood. The book provides a comprehensive picture of the formation and implementation of the EU’s circular migration approach that has developed through both EU and national instruments, on the basis of comparative case study analysis of Bulgaria and Poland’s migration laws and policies. By applying empirical legal research methods, it draws conclusions about the policy outcomes from the implementation of the various migration instruments falling under the circular migration umbrella and shows the consequences for the rights of migrant workers as a result of the application of different policy options. Along with its value to an academic audience, the book can be used by policy makers at the EU, international and national levels, as well as by international organisations and NGOs working in the field of migration law and policy.

Emigration and immigration. --- Biotechnology. --- Labor law. --- Population. --- Europe—Politics and government. --- Migration. --- Labour Law/Social Law. --- Population Economics. --- European Politics. --- Human population --- Human populations --- Population growth --- Populations, Human --- Economics --- Human ecology --- Sociology --- Demography --- Malthusianism --- Employees --- Employment law --- Industrial relations --- Labor law --- Labor standards (Labor law) --- Work --- Working class --- Industrial laws and legislation --- Social legislation --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Immigration --- International migration --- Migration, International --- Population geography --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Colonization --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Law and legislation --- Foreign workers --- Emigration and immigration law --- Emigration and immigration --- Biotechnology --- Labor laws and legislation --- Population --- Europe-Politics and government --- Emigration and Immigration --- #SBIB:35h431 --- #SBIB:327.7h231 --- #SBIB:316.334.2a342 --- #SBIB:39a6 --- Border Crossing --- Chain Migration --- Emigration --- In-Migration --- International Migration --- Out-Migration --- Return Migration --- Settlement and Resettlement --- Temporary Migration --- Turnaround Migration --- Labor Migration --- Border Crossings --- Chain Migrations --- Crossing, Border --- Crossings, Border --- Emigrations --- Immigration and Emigration --- Immigrations --- In Migration --- In-Migrations --- International Migrations --- Labor Migrations --- Migration, Chain --- Migration, Labor --- Migration, Return --- Migration, Temporary --- Migration, Turnaround --- Migrations, Chain --- Migrations, International --- Migrations, Labor --- Migrations, Return --- Migrations, Temporary --- Migrations, Turnaround --- Out Migration --- Out-Migrations --- Resettlement and Settlement --- Return Migrations --- Temporary Migrations --- Turnaround Migrations --- Emigrants and Immigrants --- Alien labor --- Foreign labor --- Guest workers --- Guestworkers --- Immigrant labor --- Immigrant workers --- Migrant labor (Foreign workers) --- Migrant workers (Foreign workers) --- Noncitizen labor --- Noncitizens --- Government policy --- Employment --- European Union countries --- Government policy. --- #SBIB:35H431 --- #SBIB:327.7H231 --- #SBIB:316.334.2A342 --- #SBIB:39A6 --- Beleidssectoren: binnenlands beleid en justitie --- Europese Unie: sociaal-economisch beleid, landbouw-, milieu-, cultuur- en communicatiebeleid --- Arbeidssociologie: ongelijkheden op de arbeidsmarkt: migranten op de arbeidsmarkt --- Etniciteit / Migratiebeleid en -problemen --- Biotechnologies --- Migration --- Labour Law/Social Law --- Population Economics --- European Politics --- Sociology of Migration --- Open access --- The concept of circular migration --- Legal Migration Fitness Check --- European Commission --- Global Compact for Migration --- Rights of migrant workers --- Eastern neighbourhood --- Central and Eastern Europe --- EU labour migration legal instruments --- Bulgaria and Poland --- Migration, immigration & emigration --- Employment & labour law: general --- Social law & Medical law --- Political economy --- Population & demography --- Politics & government --- Europe --- Labor laws and legislation.