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"Le savoir dérivé d'Aristote, s'il est soustrait au libre examen, ne montrera pas plus haut que le savoir qu'Aristote avait." Dans les arts mécaniques, le début est grossier puis l'on développe et perfectionne - ce que Bacon baptise ici "progrès". S'il n'en va pas de même pour les savoirs, c'est ce que, dans la société, la science est une grande incomprise. Que faire pour y remédier ? Bien des choses, et d'abord convaincre l'Etat de s'en mêler. Publié en anglais en 1605, Du progrès n'a connu jusqu'ici qu'une traduction française, en 1624. La phrase qui recommande le libre examen d'Aristote y a été censurée, comme tout ce qui touche à la scolastique. Bacon lui-même, en se faisant traduire en latin pour le Continent, expurge son livre. L'audace intellectuelle de l'original n'avait donc pas encore vraiment franchi la Manche. L'essentiel fut cependant entendu de tous au XVIIe siècle : les sciences, produites par l'effort humain, doivent être distinguées de la religion

Science --- Sciences --- Philosophy --- Philosophie --- Logic --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Learning --- Methodology --- Logic - Early works to 1800. --- Knowledge, Theory of - Early works to 1800. --- Learning - Philosophy - Early works to 1800. --- Science - Methodology - Early works to 1800. --- Induction (logique) --- Progrès. --- Méthodologie --- Fortschritt. --- Induction (Logic) --- Induction (Logic). --- Induction (Logique) --- Wissenschaft. --- Methodology. --- Philosophy. --- Ouvrages avant 1800. --- Philosophie.

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Soul --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Ame --- Théorie de la connaissance --- Early works to 1800 --- Ouvrages avant 1800 --- Theology --- Christian theology --- Theology, Christian --- Christianity --- Religion --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Théorie de la connaissance --- Knowledge, Theory of - Early works to 1800 --- Theology - Early works to 1800

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"Aristotle's Posterior Analytics elaborates for the first time in the history of Western philosophy the notions of science and the requirements for the distinctive kind of knowledge scientists posses. His model is mathematics and his treatment of science amounts to a philosophical discussion, from the perspective or Aristotelian syllogistic, of mathematical proofs and the principles they are based on. Chapters 1-8 expound the foundations of Aristotle's theory, pointing out the similarities and differences between scientific knowledge and other types of knowledge, establishing the need for basic principles, and identifying the types of principles and the source of necessity associated with scientific facts." "Philoponus' massive commentary, the most complete ancient discussion of Posterior Analytics book, offers uniquely valuable testimony to the way this book was read and understood in late antiquity, as well as providing information on earlier interpretations. Of particular interest is Philoponus' account of scientific principles, which is based not only on Aristotle but also on the Greek mathematical tradition, especially Euclid and his commentator Proclus."--Jacket.

Aristotle. Posterior analytics. --- Knowledge, Theory of -- Early works to 1800. --- Logic -- Early works to 1800. --- Philosophy & Religion --- Philosophy --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Logic --- Aristotle. --- Philoponus, John, --- Philosophy of science --- Theory of knowledge --- Aristotle --- Logique --- Théorie de la connaissance --- Philosophie --- Ouvrages avant 1800. --- Aristote, --- Aristote (0384-0322 av. J.-C.). --- Critique et interprétation --- Théorie de la connaissance --- Early works to 1800 --- Ouvrages avant 1800 --- Aristote

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Robert Greystones on Certainty and Skepticism: Selections from His Works is a continuation of the volume previously published by Auctores Britannici Medii Aevi, Robert Greystones on the Freedom of the Will: Selections from His Commentary on the Sentences (edited by Mark O Henninger, with Robert Andrews and Jennifer Ottman, 2017). In the course of preparation of the first volume, startling information arose concerning the nature and extent of Greystones' skepticism. Following draft editions of a number of Greystones' Sentences commentary questions, the most relevant five questions were selected for editing and translation. Greystones is in the tradition of Nicholas of Autrecourt, William Crathorn, Monachus Niger (the Black Monk), Nicholas Aston, and John Went, but the earliest of these figures. Building upon the 69th proposition of the Condemnation of 1277, Greystones concludes that God's unlimited power must lead to a radical skepticism about human knowledge. We cannot be certain whether we are in this life or the afterlife, in a body or not. We cannot be certain about the existence of any external object. We have no certain knowledge of cause and effect, the existence of substances, or of any contingent event. Like Descartes, Greystones held that we can be certain about our own existence (ego sum). But preempting Descartes' appeal to a beneficent, non-deceptive God, Greystones says: God does not deceive. But you deceive yourself if you insist on believing that something exists when you know that it might not! You know that God can intervene at any instant, and thus that you can never completely trust your senses. Greystones' skepticism is strikingly significant in light of the later historical development of philosophy.

Certainty --- Certainty. --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Knowledge, Theory of. --- Philosophy, Medieval. --- Skepticism --- Skepticism. --- Skeptizismus. --- History --- Robertus, --- Greystones, Robert, --- To 1500. --- Skepticism - Early works to 1800 --- Certainty - Early works to 1800 --- Knowledge, Theory of - Early works to 1800 --- Philosophy, Medieval --- Skepticism - History - To 1500 --- Robertus de Graystanes ca. um 1336 --- Greystones, Robert, - approximately 1289-1334

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Condillac, Etienne Bonnot de, --- Psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Language and languages --- Philosophy --- 165.75 --- Structuralisme. Systeemanalyse. Systeembegrip. Systeemmethodologie. Systeemleer --- 165.75 Structuralisme. Systeemanalyse. Systeembegrip. Systeemmethodologie. Systeemleer --- Psychology - Early works to 1850 --- Knowledge, Theory of - Early works to 1800 --- Language and languages - Philosophy - Early works to 1800 --- Condillac, Etienne Bonnot de, - 1714-1780 --- Condillac, Etienne Bonnot de, - 1714-1780. - Essai sur l'origine des connaissances humaines