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The adipokine adiponectin is very concentrated in plasma, and decreased levels of adiponectin are associated with pathological conditions such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome. When produced in its full-length form, adiponectin self-associates to generate multimeric complexes. The full-length form of adiponectin can be cleaved by the globular form of elastase that is produced locally, and the resulting biological effects are exerted in a paracrine or autocrine manner. The different forms of adiponectin bind to specific receptors consisting of two G-protein-independent, seven-transmembrane-spanning receptors, called AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, while T-cadherin has been identified as a potential receptor for high molecular weight complexes of adiponectin. Adiponectin exerts a key role in cellular metabolism, regulating glucose levels as well as fatty acid breakdown. However, its biological effects are heterogeneous, involving multiple target tissues. The Special Issue “Mechanisms of Adiponectin Action” highlights the pleiotropic role of this hormone through 3 research articles and 7 reviews. These papers focus on the recent knowledge regarding adiponectin in different target tissues, both in healthy and in diseased conditions.

acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) --- n/a --- regeneration --- fertility --- pig --- endocrine cancer --- NGF? --- reproductive tract --- neuritogenesis --- skeletal muscle --- matricellular proteins --- adiponectin isoforms --- obesity --- atherosclerosis --- hair growth-related factor --- ovarian cancer --- adipose tissue --- AdipoRon --- extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) --- PC12 cells --- endometrial cancer --- AMPK --- metabolism --- adiponectin --- transcriptome --- exercise --- training --- inflammation --- BIAcore --- muscle --- adipokines --- human follicular dermal papilla cell --- estrogen receptor --- endometrium --- adiponectin inducer --- breast cancer --- implantation --- microarray --- Secreted protein --- adipogenesis --- kojyl cinnamate ester derivative --- cell signaling --- lipotoxicity --- cervix cancer --- cancer --- cholesterol efflux --- myopathies --- diabetes

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The demand for computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based numerical techniques is increasing rapidly with the development of the computing power system. These advanced CFD techniques are applicable to various issues in the industrial engineering fields and especially contribute to the design of fluid machinery and fluid devices, which have very complicated unsteady flow phenomena and physics. In other words, to aid the rapid development of CFD techniques, the performances of fluid machinery and fluid devices with complicated unsteady flows have been enhanced significantly. In addition, many persistently troublesome problems of fluid machinery and fluid devices such as flow instability, rotor–stator interaction, surging, cavitation, vibration, and noise are solved clearly using advanced CFD techniques.This Special Issue on “CFD-Based Research and Applications for Fluid Machinery and Fluid Devices” aims to present recent novel research trends based on advanced CFD techniques for fluid machinery and fluid devices. The following topics, among others, are included in this issue:- CFD techniques and applications in fluid machinery and fluid devices;- Unsteady and transient phenomena in fluid machinery and fluid devices;- Pumps, fans, compressors, hydraulic turbines, pump turbines, valves, etc.

Technology: general issues --- centrifugal fan --- noise characteristics --- power consumption --- negative pressure --- sound pressure --- mechanical seal --- dynamic characteristics --- extrusion fault --- numerical simulation --- sealing performance --- fluent --- inducer --- step casing --- varying pitch --- cavitating flow and instabilities --- partial similarity principle --- flow similarity --- stability improvement --- multi-condition optimization --- cavitation performance --- artificial neural networks (ANN) --- net positive suction head (NPSH) --- double suction --- cascade --- aerodynamic --- parameterization --- plane cascade design --- incidence angle --- PSO-MVFSA --- optimization --- two-vane pump --- Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) --- Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) --- machine learning --- energy recovery --- pump as turbine --- vortex --- hydraulic losses --- pressure fluctuation --- transient characteristics --- centrifugal pump --- startup period --- solar air heater --- ribs --- Nusselt number --- friction factor --- Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations --- thrust coefficient --- power coefficient --- figure of merit --- frozen rotor --- UAV --- octorotor SUAV --- aerodynamic performance --- rotor spacing --- hover --- CFD --- vortices distribution --- shape optimization --- Francis turbine --- fixed flow passage --- flow uniformity --- blade outlet angle --- Sirocco fan --- URANS --- volute tongue radius --- internal flow --- noise --- film cooling --- large eddy simulation --- triple holes --- blowing ratio --- adiabatic film-cooling effectiveness --- proper orthogonal decomposition --- axial compressor --- tip clearance --- flow field --- clearance --- flow function --- gas turbine --- leakage --- pressure ratio --- stepped labyrinth seal --- axial-flow pump --- root clearance radius --- computational fluid dynamics --- entropy production --- energy dissipation --- vortex pump --- lateral cavity --- open-design --- spiral flow --- reactor coolant pump (RCP) --- waviness --- leakage rate --- liquid film --- axial fan --- reversible --- jet --- design --- thrust --- energy characteristics --- mixing --- pitched blade turbine --- impeller --- inverse design method --- matching optimization --- diffuser --- small hydropower --- tubular turbine --- fish farm --- performance test --- design factors --- optimum model --- the mixed free-surface-pressurized flow --- characteristic implicit method --- relative roughness --- vent holes --- optimization control --- microchannel heat sink --- wavy microchannel --- groove --- heat transfer performance --- laminar flow --- multi-objective optimization --- LHS --- full factorial methods --- pump-turbine --- dynamic stress --- start-up process --- vortex generator (VG) --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- cell-set model --- RANS --- LES --- multistage centrifugal pump --- double-suction impeller --- twin-volute --- inducer-type guide vane --- trailing edge flap (TEF) --- trailing edge flap with Micro-Tab --- deflection angle of the flap (αF) --- n/a --- Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations

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The demand for computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based numerical techniques is increasing rapidly with the development of the computing power system. These advanced CFD techniques are applicable to various issues in the industrial engineering fields and especially contribute to the design of fluid machinery and fluid devices, which have very complicated unsteady flow phenomena and physics. In other words, to aid the rapid development of CFD techniques, the performances of fluid machinery and fluid devices with complicated unsteady flows have been enhanced significantly. In addition, many persistently troublesome problems of fluid machinery and fluid devices such as flow instability, rotor–stator interaction, surging, cavitation, vibration, and noise are solved clearly using advanced CFD techniques.This Special Issue on “CFD-Based Research and Applications for Fluid Machinery and Fluid Devices” aims to present recent novel research trends based on advanced CFD techniques for fluid machinery and fluid devices. The following topics, among others, are included in this issue:- CFD techniques and applications in fluid machinery and fluid devices;- Unsteady and transient phenomena in fluid machinery and fluid devices;- Pumps, fans, compressors, hydraulic turbines, pump turbines, valves, etc.

centrifugal fan --- noise characteristics --- power consumption --- negative pressure --- sound pressure --- mechanical seal --- dynamic characteristics --- extrusion fault --- numerical simulation --- sealing performance --- fluent --- inducer --- step casing --- varying pitch --- cavitating flow and instabilities --- partial similarity principle --- flow similarity --- stability improvement --- multi-condition optimization --- cavitation performance --- artificial neural networks (ANN) --- net positive suction head (NPSH) --- double suction --- cascade --- aerodynamic --- parameterization --- plane cascade design --- incidence angle --- PSO-MVFSA --- optimization --- two-vane pump --- Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) --- Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) --- machine learning --- energy recovery --- pump as turbine --- vortex --- hydraulic losses --- pressure fluctuation --- transient characteristics --- centrifugal pump --- startup period --- solar air heater --- ribs --- Nusselt number --- friction factor --- Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations --- thrust coefficient --- power coefficient --- figure of merit --- frozen rotor --- UAV --- octorotor SUAV --- aerodynamic performance --- rotor spacing --- hover --- CFD --- vortices distribution --- shape optimization --- Francis turbine --- fixed flow passage --- flow uniformity --- blade outlet angle --- Sirocco fan --- URANS --- volute tongue radius --- internal flow --- noise --- film cooling --- large eddy simulation --- triple holes --- blowing ratio --- adiabatic film-cooling effectiveness --- proper orthogonal decomposition --- axial compressor --- tip clearance --- flow field --- clearance --- flow function --- gas turbine --- leakage --- pressure ratio --- stepped labyrinth seal --- axial-flow pump --- root clearance radius --- computational fluid dynamics --- entropy production --- energy dissipation --- vortex pump --- lateral cavity --- open-design --- spiral flow --- reactor coolant pump (RCP) --- waviness --- leakage rate --- liquid film --- axial fan --- reversible --- jet --- design --- thrust --- energy characteristics --- mixing --- pitched blade turbine --- impeller --- inverse design method --- matching optimization --- diffuser --- small hydropower --- tubular turbine --- fish farm --- performance test --- design factors --- optimum model --- the mixed free-surface-pressurized flow --- characteristic implicit method --- relative roughness --- vent holes --- optimization control --- microchannel heat sink --- wavy microchannel --- groove --- heat transfer performance --- laminar flow --- multi-objective optimization --- LHS --- full factorial methods --- pump-turbine --- dynamic stress --- start-up process --- vortex generator (VG) --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- cell-set model --- RANS --- LES --- multistage centrifugal pump --- double-suction impeller --- twin-volute --- inducer-type guide vane --- trailing edge flap (TEF) --- trailing edge flap with Micro-Tab --- deflection angle of the flap (αF) --- n/a --- Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations

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With the recent definition of the Th17 cell subset, a new paradigm in innate and adaptive immunity has been established. This book describes the function of the Th17 cell subset and its prevalent role in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The mechanism by which this T cell subset is generated and maintained shows specific differences between mice and man which are reviewed. One characteristic of Th17 cells is to secrete specific and unique cytokines such as IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-22; their functions are described in detail. These cytokines have acquired a prevalent role in many pathological conditions in animal models and in humans. Targeting these cytokines as well as the generation of Th17 cells may open new ways to treat many autoimmune diseases. The role of Th17 in infectious conditions is also addressed.

Autoimmune Diseases -- etiology. --- Autoimmune diseases -- Treatment. --- Cytokines. --- Inflammation -- etiology. --- T cells. --- T-Lymphocytes. --- T cells --- Cytokines --- Autoimmune diseases --- Antibodies, Neutralizing --- Inflammation --- Th17 Cells --- T-Lymphocytes --- Autoimmune Diseases --- Antibodies --- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer --- Immune System Diseases --- Pathologic Processes --- Lymphocytes --- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes --- Immunoglobulins --- Diseases --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Leukocytes, Mononuclear --- Immunoproteins --- Serum Globulins --- Leukocytes --- Globulins --- Blood Proteins --- Blood Cells --- Proteins --- Cells --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Anatomy --- Immune System --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Hemic and Immune Systems --- Blood --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Treatment --- Treatment. --- T lymphocytes --- Thymus-dependent cells --- Thymus-dependent lymphocytes --- Thymus-derived cells --- Autoimmunologic diseases --- Medicine. --- Immunology. --- Pharmacology. --- Allergy. --- Infectious diseases. --- Rheumatology. --- Cell biology. --- Biomedicine. --- Cell Biology. --- Allergology. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Cellular immunity --- Immune response --- Autoimmunity --- Immunologic diseases --- Regulation --- Cytology. --- Emerging infectious diseases. --- Toxicology. --- Allergic diseases --- Allergies --- Hypersensitivity --- Hypersensitivity, Immediate --- Immediate allergy --- Immediate hypersensitivity --- Immunoglobulin E --- Internal medicine --- Connective tissues --- Joints --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cytologists --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Chemicals --- Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Emerging infections --- New infectious diseases --- Re-emerging infectious diseases --- Reemerging infectious diseases --- Communicable diseases --- Toxicology --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Chemotherapy --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Physiological effect

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Many research teams are working to demonstrate that microorganisms can be our daily partners, due to the great diversity of biochemical transformations and molecules they are able to produce. This Special Issue highlights several facets of the production of microbial metabolites of interest. From the discovery of new strains or new bioactive molecules issued from novel environments, to the increase in their synthesis by traditional or innovative methods, different levels of biotechnological processes are addressed. Combining the new dimensions of "Omics" sciences, such as genomics, transcriptomics or metabolomics, microbial biotechnologies are opening up incredible opportunities for discovering and improving microorganisms and their production.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) --- polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) --- mutant strain --- Aurantiochytrium sp. --- transcriptome --- Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris --- 6-pentyl-α-pyrone --- antibiosis --- Trichoderma --- secondary metabolites --- antibiofilm --- Gram-negative bacterium --- antibiotic resistance --- natural products --- angucycline --- aquayamycin --- glycosyltransferase --- Lake Baikal --- Streptomyces --- Talaromyces albobiverticillius 30548 --- submerged fermentation --- pigments --- biomass --- optimization --- Box–Behnken experimental design --- response surface modeling --- carnosic acid --- propolis --- antifungal action --- synergy --- Candida albicans --- biofilms --- sponges --- actinomycetes --- cryptic --- Micromonospora --- Nocardia --- Gordonia --- mycolic acid --- LC-HRESIMS --- N-functionalized amines --- N-methylanthranilate --- Corynebacterium glutamicum --- metabolic engineering --- sustainable production of quinoline precursors --- acridone --- quinazoline alkaloid drugs --- SARS-CoV-2 --- Covid-19 --- Mpro --- microbial natural products --- docking --- molecular dynamic simulation --- Serratiochelin A --- Serratiochelin C --- Serratia sp. --- siderophore --- iron --- anticancer --- microbial biotechnology --- degradation --- antibacterial --- S. aureus --- sparkling wine --- second fermentation --- fermentation by-products --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae flor yeast --- proteins --- Scopalina hapalia --- Actinomycetes --- Bacillus --- Fungi --- elastase inhibition --- tyrosinase inhibition --- CDK7 inhibition --- Fyn kinase inhibition --- catalase activation --- sirtuin 1 activation --- Curvularia papendorfii --- endophytic fungi --- human coronavirus HCoV 229E --- Staphylococcus sp. --- MRSA --- antiproliferative activity --- polyhydroxyacid --- kheiric acid --- insect --- mealworm --- gut bacteria --- OSMAC --- cyclic peptides --- biosynthetic pathway --- autophagy inducer --- fermentation --- Lactococcus lactis --- bacteriocin --- culture conditions --- medium compositions --- lactic acid fermentation --- Pediococcus acidilactici PA204 --- simultaneous saccharification and fermentation --- corn stover --- pyocyanin --- maize industry wastewater --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa NEJ01R --- redox metabolite --- response surface analysis --- bioproduction --- valorization --- electrochemical analysis --- sugarcane --- distillery waste water --- molasses spent wash --- vinasse --- fungi --- yeasts --- bioremediation --- COD --- discoloration --- antimicrobial --- antioxidant --- GNPS --- textiles --- cation-exchange resin --- adsorption --- removal --- ammonium --- cell viability --- mutant gdhA P. multocida B:2 --- cyanobacteria --- photosynthesis --- synthetic biology --- systems biology --- genome-scale model --- protoplast fusion --- novel compound discovery --- cell wall-deficiency --- heteroploidy --- Talaromyces --- azaphilone --- marine fungi --- N-threonyl-rubropunctamin --- PP-R --- greener extraction --- red pigments --- fungal pigments --- antinematode compound --- anthelminthic drugs --- marine epiphytic bacteria --- marine biofilm --- marine environment --- parasitic nematode --- Caenorhabditis elegans --- natural colors --- bio-pigments --- quorum sensing --- marine bacteria --- biosynthesis --- biological activities --- industrial applications --- therapeutic insights --- global pigment market --- terpenoids --- sesquiterpene production --- Rhodobacter capsulatus --- β-caryophyllene --- bioactivity --- phytopathogens --- plant pathogenic fungi --- plant growth-promoting bacteria --- microorganisms --- biotechnology --- screening --- production --- extraction --- bioactive properties --- perspectives