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This book offers the first comprehensive introduction to wave scattering in nonstationary materials. G. F. Roach's aim is to provide an accessible, self-contained resource for newcomers to this important field of research that has applications across a broad range of areas, including radar, sonar, diagnostics in engineering and manufacturing, geophysical prospecting, and ultrasonic medicine such as sonograms. New methods in recent years have been developed to assess the structure and properties of materials and surfaces. When light, sound, or some other wave energy is directed at the material in question, "imperfections" in the resulting echo can reveal a tremendous amount of valuable diagnostic information. The mathematics behind such analysis is sophisticated and complex. However, while problems involving stationary materials are quite well understood, there is still much to learn about those in which the material is moving or changes over time. These so-called non-autonomous problems are the subject of this fascinating book. Roach develops practical strategies, techniques, and solutions for mathematicians and applied scientists working in or seeking entry into the field of modern scattering theory and its applications. Wave Scattering by Time-Dependent Perturbations is destined to become a classic in this rapidly evolving area of inquiry.

Waves --- Scattering (Physics) --- Perturbation (Mathematics) --- Perturbation equations --- Perturbation theory --- Approximation theory --- Dynamics --- Functional analysis --- Mathematical physics --- Atomic scattering --- Atoms --- Nuclear scattering --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Scattering of particles --- Wave scattering --- Collisions (Nuclear physics) --- Particles --- Collisions (Physics) --- Cycles --- Hydrodynamics --- Benjamin-Feir instability --- Mathematics. --- Scattering --- Acoustic wave equation. --- Acoustic wave. --- Affine space. --- Angular frequency. --- Approximation. --- Asymptotic analysis. --- Asymptotic expansion. --- Banach space. --- Basis (linear algebra). --- Bessel's inequality. --- Boundary value problem. --- Bounded operator. --- C0-semigroup. --- Calculation. --- Characteristic function (probability theory). --- Classical physics. --- Codimension. --- Coefficient. --- Continuous function (set theory). --- Continuous function. --- Continuous spectrum. --- Convolution. --- Differentiable function. --- Differential equation. --- Dimension (vector space). --- Dimension. --- Dimensional analysis. --- Dirac delta function. --- Dirichlet problem. --- Distribution (mathematics). --- Duhamel's principle. --- Eigenfunction. --- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. --- Electromagnetism. --- Equation. --- Existential quantification. --- Exponential function. --- Floquet theory. --- Fourier inversion theorem. --- Fourier series. --- Fourier transform. --- Fredholm integral equation. --- Frequency domain. --- Helmholtz equation. --- Hilbert space. --- Initial value problem. --- Integral equation. --- Integral transform. --- Integration by parts. --- Inverse problem. --- Inverse scattering problem. --- Lebesgue measure. --- Linear differential equation. --- Linear map. --- Linear space (geometry). --- Locally integrable function. --- Longitudinal wave. --- Mathematical analysis. --- Mathematical physics. --- Metric space. --- Operator theory. --- Ordinary differential equation. --- Orthonormal basis. --- Orthonormality. --- Parseval's theorem. --- Partial derivative. --- Partial differential equation. --- Phase velocity. --- Plane wave. --- Projection (linear algebra). --- Propagator. --- Quantity. --- Quantum mechanics. --- Reflection coefficient. --- Requirement. --- Riesz representation theorem. --- Scalar (physics). --- Scattering theory. --- Scattering. --- Scientific notation. --- Self-adjoint operator. --- Self-adjoint. --- Series expansion. --- Sine wave. --- Spectral method. --- Spectral theorem. --- Spectral theory. --- Square-integrable function. --- Subset. --- Theorem. --- Theory. --- Time domain. --- Time evolution. --- Unbounded operator. --- Unitarity (physics). --- Vector space. --- Volterra integral equation. --- Wave function. --- Wave packet. --- Wave propagation.

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The present book contains 14 articles that were accepted for publication in the Special Issue “Numerical Computation, Data Analysis and Software in Mathematics and Engineering” of the MDPI journal Mathematics. The topics of these articles include the aspects of the meshless method, numerical simulation, mathematical models, deep learning and data analysis. Meshless methods, such as the improved element-free Galerkin method, the dimension-splitting, interpolating, moving, least-squares method, the dimension-splitting, generalized, interpolating, element-free Galerkin method and the improved interpolating, complex variable, element-free Galerkin method, are presented. Some complicated problems, such as tge cold roll-forming process, ceramsite compound insulation block, crack propagation and heavy-haul railway tunnel with defects, are numerically analyzed. Mathematical models, such as the lattice hydrodynamic model, extended car-following model and smart helmet-based PLS-BPNN error compensation model, are proposed. The use of the deep learning approach to predict the mechanical properties of single-network hydrogel is presented, and data analysis for land leasing is discussed. This book will be interesting and useful for those working in the meshless method, numerical simulation, mathematical model, deep learning and data analysis fields.

Information technology industries --- cold-roll forming --- longitudinal strain --- cubic spline function --- cumulative chord --- elastic–plastic problem --- complex variable meshless method --- interpolating shape function --- singular weight function --- complete basis function --- mathematical model --- leased price --- total leased area --- data analysis --- residential land --- Beijing --- meshless method --- dimension splitting–interpolating moving least squares (DS-IMLS) method --- improved interpolating element-free Galerkin (IEFG) method --- potential problem --- traffic flow --- two-dimensional lattice hydrodynamic model --- driver’s predictive effect --- finite element method --- alkali-activated slag ceramsite compound insulation block --- ANSYS CFX --- thermal and mechanical performances --- indoor thermal environment --- dimension splitting method --- dimension splitting generalized interpolating element-free Galerkin method --- convection–diffusion–reaction problem --- deep learning --- hydrogel network --- mechanical property --- convolutional neural network --- self-avoiding walk --- personnel health monitoring --- construction site management --- smart helmet --- infrared temperature measurement --- temperature error compensation --- BP neural network --- COVID-19 --- peridynamics --- dual-horizon --- crack propagation --- variable horizon --- multi-grid --- car-following model --- visual angle model --- electronic throttle angle --- stability analysis --- heavy haul --- railway tunnel --- basement structure --- dynamic response characteristics --- defects --- the lattice hydrodynamic model --- control signal --- strong wind --- optimal estimation of flux difference integral --- improved element-free Galerkin method --- Helmholtz equation --- penalty method --- improved moving least-squares approximation --- n/a --- elastic-plastic problem --- dimension splitting-interpolating moving least squares (DS-IMLS) method --- driver's predictive effect --- convection-diffusion-reaction problem

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This Special Issue deals with the theory and applications of differential and difference equations, and includes papers for different branches of differential equations, such as - Boundary Value Problems for Fractional Differential Equations and Inclusions - Spectral Theory for Fractional Differential Equations - Generalized Abel's Integral Equations - Oscillation Results for Higher Order Differential Equations - Stability of Equilibria under Stochastic Perturbations - Harmonic Functions - Coincidence Continuation Theory for Multivalued Maps - Generalized Briot–Bouquet Differential Equation - Nonlocal Inverse Problem - Lyapunov Type Theorems for Exponential Stability - Fuzzy Functions on Time Scales - Modified Helmholtz Equation on a Regular Hexagon

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- generating functions --- functional equations --- partial differential equations --- special numbers and polynomials --- Bernoulli numbers --- Euler numbers --- Stirling numbers --- Bell polynomials --- Cauchy numbers --- Poisson-Charlier polynomials --- Bernstein basis functions --- Daehee numbers and polynomials --- combinatorial sums --- binomial coefficients --- p-adic integral --- probability distribution --- Mittag-Leffler function --- spectrum --- eigenvalue --- fractional derivative --- q-Homotopy analysis transform method --- Natural decomposition method --- Whitham–Broer–Kaup equations --- Caputo derivative --- liner recursions --- convolution formulas --- Gegenbauer polynomials --- Humbert polynomials --- classical polynomials in several variables --- classical number sequences --- Riemann–Liouville fractional integral --- Mittag–Leffler function --- Babenko’s approach --- generalized Abel’s integral equation --- harmonic functions --- janowski functions --- starlike functions --- extreme points --- subordination --- ocillation --- higher-order --- differential equations --- p-Laplacian equations --- rumor spreading model --- white noise --- stochastic differential equations --- asymptotic mean square stability --- stability in probability --- linear matrix inequality --- Co-infection of HIV-TB --- equilibrium point --- reproduction number --- stability analysis --- backward bifurcation --- harmonic univalent functions --- generalized linear operator --- differential operator --- Salagean operator --- coefficient bounds --- essential maps --- coincidence points --- topological principles --- selections --- univalent function --- analytic function --- unit disk --- integro-differential equation --- mixed type equation --- spectral parameters --- integral conditions --- solvability --- exponential stability --- linear skew-product semiflows --- Lyapunov functions --- fractional differential equations --- fractional differential inclusions --- existence --- fixed point theorems --- fuzzy functions time scales --- Hukuhara difference --- generalized nabla Hukuhara derivative --- fuzzy nabla integral --- caputo fractional derivative --- multi-term fractional differential equations --- fixed point --- difference equations --- periodicity character --- nonexistence cases of periodic solutions --- hypersingular integral equations --- iterative projection method --- Lyapunov stability theory --- MADE --- eigenfunction --- convergence --- Fourier transform --- singular Cauchy problem --- asymptotic series --- regularization method --- turning point --- unified transform --- modified Helmholtz equation --- global relation --- triple q-hypergeometric function --- convergence region --- Ward q-addition --- q-integral representation --- generating functions --- functional equations --- partial differential equations --- special numbers and polynomials --- Bernoulli numbers --- Euler numbers --- Stirling numbers --- Bell polynomials --- Cauchy numbers --- Poisson-Charlier polynomials --- Bernstein basis functions --- Daehee numbers and polynomials --- combinatorial sums --- binomial coefficients --- p-adic integral --- probability distribution --- Mittag-Leffler function --- spectrum --- eigenvalue --- fractional derivative --- q-Homotopy analysis transform method --- Natural decomposition method --- Whitham–Broer–Kaup equations --- Caputo derivative --- liner recursions --- convolution formulas --- Gegenbauer polynomials --- Humbert polynomials --- classical polynomials in several variables --- classical number sequences --- Riemann–Liouville fractional integral --- Mittag–Leffler function --- Babenko’s approach --- generalized Abel’s integral equation --- harmonic functions --- janowski functions --- starlike functions --- extreme points --- subordination --- ocillation --- higher-order --- differential equations --- p-Laplacian equations --- rumor spreading model --- white noise --- stochastic differential equations --- asymptotic mean square stability --- stability in probability --- linear matrix inequality --- Co-infection of HIV-TB --- equilibrium point --- reproduction number --- stability analysis --- backward bifurcation --- harmonic univalent functions --- generalized linear operator --- differential operator --- Salagean operator --- coefficient bounds --- essential maps --- coincidence points --- topological principles --- selections --- univalent function --- analytic function --- unit disk --- integro-differential equation --- mixed type equation --- spectral parameters --- integral conditions --- solvability --- exponential stability --- linear skew-product semiflows --- Lyapunov functions --- fractional differential equations --- fractional differential inclusions --- existence --- fixed point theorems --- fuzzy functions time scales --- Hukuhara difference --- generalized nabla Hukuhara derivative --- fuzzy nabla integral --- caputo fractional derivative --- multi-term fractional differential equations --- fixed point --- difference equations --- periodicity character --- nonexistence cases of periodic solutions --- hypersingular integral equations --- iterative projection method --- Lyapunov stability theory --- MADE --- eigenfunction --- convergence --- Fourier transform --- singular Cauchy problem --- asymptotic series --- regularization method --- turning point --- unified transform --- modified Helmholtz equation --- global relation --- triple q-hypergeometric function --- convergence region --- Ward q-addition --- q-integral representation

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This Special Issue deals with the theory and applications of differential and difference equations, and includes papers for different branches of differential equations, such as - Boundary Value Problems for Fractional Differential Equations and Inclusions - Spectral Theory for Fractional Differential Equations - Generalized Abel's Integral Equations - Oscillation Results for Higher Order Differential Equations - Stability of Equilibria under Stochastic Perturbations - Harmonic Functions - Coincidence Continuation Theory for Multivalued Maps - Generalized Briot–Bouquet Differential Equation - Nonlocal Inverse Problem - Lyapunov Type Theorems for Exponential Stability - Fuzzy Functions on Time Scales - Modified Helmholtz Equation on a Regular Hexagon

generating functions --- functional equations --- partial differential equations --- special numbers and polynomials --- Bernoulli numbers --- Euler numbers --- Stirling numbers --- Bell polynomials --- Cauchy numbers --- Poisson-Charlier polynomials --- Bernstein basis functions --- Daehee numbers and polynomials --- combinatorial sums --- binomial coefficients --- p-adic integral --- probability distribution --- Mittag-Leffler function --- spectrum --- eigenvalue --- fractional derivative --- q-Homotopy analysis transform method --- Natural decomposition method --- Whitham–Broer–Kaup equations --- Caputo derivative --- liner recursions --- convolution formulas --- Gegenbauer polynomials --- Humbert polynomials --- classical polynomials in several variables --- classical number sequences --- Riemann–Liouville fractional integral --- Mittag–Leffler function --- Babenko’s approach --- generalized Abel’s integral equation --- harmonic functions --- janowski functions --- starlike functions --- extreme points --- subordination --- ocillation --- higher-order --- differential equations --- p-Laplacian equations --- rumor spreading model --- white noise --- stochastic differential equations --- asymptotic mean square stability --- stability in probability --- linear matrix inequality --- Co-infection of HIV-TB --- equilibrium point --- reproduction number --- stability analysis --- backward bifurcation --- harmonic univalent functions --- generalized linear operator --- differential operator --- Salagean operator --- coefficient bounds --- essential maps --- coincidence points --- topological principles --- selections --- univalent function --- analytic function --- unit disk --- integro-differential equation --- mixed type equation --- spectral parameters --- integral conditions --- solvability --- exponential stability --- linear skew-product semiflows --- Lyapunov functions --- fractional differential equations --- fractional differential inclusions --- existence --- fixed point theorems --- fuzzy functions time scales --- Hukuhara difference --- generalized nabla Hukuhara derivative --- fuzzy nabla integral --- caputo fractional derivative --- multi-term fractional differential equations --- fixed point --- difference equations --- periodicity character --- nonexistence cases of periodic solutions --- hypersingular integral equations --- iterative projection method --- Lyapunov stability theory --- MADE --- eigenfunction --- convergence --- Fourier transform --- singular Cauchy problem --- asymptotic series --- regularization method --- turning point --- unified transform --- modified Helmholtz equation --- global relation --- triple q-hypergeometric function --- convergence region --- Ward q-addition --- q-integral representation

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Modelling and simulation in acoustics is currently gaining importance. In fact, with the development and improvement of innovative computational techniques and with the growing need for predictive models, an impressive boost has been observed in several research and application areas, such as noise control, indoor acoustics, and industrial applications. This led us to the proposal of a special issue about “Modelling, Simulation and Data Analysis in Acoustical Problems”, as we believe in the importance of these topics in modern acoustics’ studies. In total, 81 papers were submitted and 33 of them were published, with an acceptance rate of 37.5%. According to the number of papers submitted, it can be affirmed that this is a trending topic in the scientific and academic community and this special issue will try to provide a future reference for the research that will be developed in coming years.

noise barrier --- insertion loss --- vehicle frequencies --- diffraction --- flow speed --- Analytical solutions --- FDTD --- EMATs --- beam directivity --- perforate tube silencer --- transmission loss (TL) --- pressure loss --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- temperature --- air flow velocity --- graphical bilinear method --- seismic survey --- dynamic cone penetration test --- soil depth --- time-distance curve --- KZK equation --- fractional order derivative --- ultrasound hyperthermia --- HIFU --- acoustic simulation --- Kramers–Kronig relation --- stereo audio coding --- Principal Component Analysis (PCA) --- multi-frame --- Pyramid Vector Quantization (PVQ) --- bowel sound --- bowel motility --- automatic detection/evaluation --- power-normalized cepstral coefficients --- noncontact instrumentation --- acoustic localization --- cross array --- moving sound source --- discrete sampling --- error analysis --- open-air theatres --- acoustical measurements --- prediction models --- historical acoustics --- Direction of Arrival (DOA) --- time-frequency (TF) mask --- speech sparsity --- speech enhancement (SE) --- acoustic vector sensor (AVS) --- intelligent service robot --- voice generation --- multichannel electroglottograph --- larynx acoustics --- fingerprinting acoustic localization --- iterative interpolation --- K-Means clustering --- Two-stage matching --- Adjacent RPs --- dynamic tissue property --- Westervelt equation --- thermal damage zone --- submerged floating tunnel (SFT) --- mooring line --- coupled dynamics --- hydro-elastic responses --- wet natural frequencies --- mooring tension --- seismic excitation --- wave excitation --- seaquake --- thick annular circular plate --- Rayleigh integral --- finite element modeling --- rectangular and concentric stiffener patches --- taper ratio --- thickness variation --- MRI --- Zone Plates --- ultrasonic lenses --- piano playing --- vibrotactile feedback --- interaction --- musical performance --- auditory perception --- sensors --- actuators --- crack growth --- acoustic echo --- COSMO --- p-value --- l1-regularized RLS --- sparsity --- room impulse response --- total least squares --- regularization factor --- fluid-filled polyethylene (PE) pipeline --- noise control --- acoustic propagation --- cutoff phenomenon --- UWA communication --- channel modelling --- OFDM --- channel estimation --- simulation platform --- minimum variance distortionless response --- signal self-cancellation --- direction estimation --- underwater acoustic source --- spatial power spectrum --- cochlear implant --- coding strategy --- Fixed-Channel --- Channel-Picking --- vocoder simulation --- normal-hearing --- point mass --- parabolic thickness variation --- landmine detection --- lumped parameter model --- prodder --- resonance frequency --- noised-induced hearing loss --- powered surgical instruments --- ultrasonic aspirator --- transcanal endoscopic ear surgery --- balanced armature receiver --- lumped parameter method --- finite element method and Boundary element method --- focused transducer --- acoustic field --- nonuniform radiation distribution --- Bessel radiation distribution --- spherically curved uniform radiator --- rim radiation --- Lamb waves --- wooden constructions --- acoustics --- low frequency noise --- modelling --- ultrasonic guided waves --- SAFE --- rail defect detection --- mode excitation --- solid dielectrics --- acoustic emission --- artificial neural networks --- electrical treeing --- wavelets --- non-destructive testing --- high-voltage insulating systems --- boundary element method --- Helmholtz equation --- structural health monitoring --- mooring chain --- fatigue crack growth --- structural integrity --- n/a --- Kramers-Kronig relation