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The Service Delivery Indicators (SDIs) provides a set of key indicators serving as a benchmark for service delivery performance in the health and education sectors in Sub-Saharan Africa. The overarching objective of the SDIs is to ascertain the quality of service delivery in primary education and basic health services. This would in turn enable governments and service providers alike to identify gaps and bottlenecks, as well as track progress over time, and across countries. The SDI survey interviewed 403 heath providers across Tanzania between May 2014 and July 2014. This technical report presents the findings from the implementation of the SDI in the health sector in Tanzania in 2014. Survey implementation activities took place following extensive consultations with the government and key stakeholders on survey design, sampling, and adaptation of survey instruments. A major challenge for Tanzania's health sector is the shortage of skilled human resources for health (HRH). This survey found that provider knowledge and abilities were not adequate to deliver quality services. Caseload per provider and absenteeism are relatively low, so the issue is not over burdened providers. There seems to be ample room for a significant increase in the caseload of Tanzanian providers, id est the level of productivity in health service delivery, without jeopardizing quality. In addition to increasing the volume of skilled HRH to address the shortage of providers, improvements in management, supervision and training is important to improving service delivery. Health for all in Tanzania will mean the simultaneous availability of widely accessible inputs and skilled providers.

Anemia --- Burden of Disease --- Children --- Dehydration --- Diabetes --- Diarrhea --- Disease Control & Prevention --- Doctors --- Financial Management --- Health --- Health Insurance --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Health Professionals --- Health System Performance --- Health Systems Development & Reform --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Hepatitis --- Hospitals --- Human Development --- Human Resources --- Incentives --- Insurance --- Internet --- Knowledge --- Latrines --- Malaria --- Measles --- Measurement --- Morbidity --- Mortality --- Nurses --- Pneumonia --- Polio --- Population --- Posters --- Poverty --- Public Health --- Sterilization --- Tetanus --- Treatment --- Tuberculosis --- Vaccines --- Waste --- Weight --- Workers

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The Philippines health sector is at a critical stage in its transformation. While the country has undertaken several significant health sector reforms in the past decades, a large unfinished policy agenda remains. The achievement of the health Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), especially among poor households, is at risk and there is a newly emerging challenge of addressing non-communicable diseases MDG. The overall health spending ratio is one of the lowest in the region with out-of-pocket (OOP) spending, a measure of financial protection, at over half of all health spending, well above the average for global comparators. It is within this context, that the Philippine health sector review takes stock of health reforms implemented to date, and evaluates the impact of these reforms on health systems performance. Based on this evaluation, the review identifies the challenges and future policy directions for accelerating the transformation of the Philippines health sector for improved health outcomes, financial protection of the population and consumer satisfaction.

Agricultural Knowledge & Information Systems --- Agriculture --- Communicable Diseases --- Decentralization --- Economics --- Employment --- Employment Opportunities --- Expenditures --- Family Planning --- Food Production --- Health Economics & Finance --- Health Education --- Health Insurance --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Health System Performance --- Health Systems Development & Reform --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Hospitals --- Housing --- Human Development --- Infant Mortality --- Inservice Training --- Insurance --- Life Expectancy --- Living Standards --- Malaria --- Malnutrition --- Medical Education --- Medicare --- Morbidity --- Mortality --- Nutrition --- Nutrition Programs --- Physicians --- Public Health --- Public Sector --- Regional Rural Development --- Rural Development --- Social Development --- Sterilization

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Bleak short-term economic outlook raises the risk that social and environmental achievements may not be sustained. The changed economic circumstances have exposed shortcomings in Brazil's development model, epitomized by the struggle to achieve a sustainable fiscal policy. Against this background, some Brazilians are now asking whether the gains of the past decade might have been an illusion, created by the commodity boom, but unsustainable in today's less forgiving international environment. Brazil thus finds itself at an important juncture and, to a certain extent, the policy course set today will determine whether the country can sustain the gains of the past and return to a path of solid, inclusive and environmentally sustainable growth. This Systematic Country Diagnostic offers a contribution to the debate about Brazil's future development.

Access of Poor to Social Services --- Access to Information --- Agricultural Subsidies --- Air Pollution --- Air Quality --- Audits --- Cancer --- Capital Markets --- Carbon Emissions --- Cartels --- Climate Change --- Commercial Banks --- Competition --- Credit --- Debt --- Decision Making --- Deforestation --- Demographics --- Developed Countries --- Drinking Water --- Economic Development --- Economics --- Economies of Scale --- Education For All --- Emission Reductions --- Emissions --- Environment --- Environment and Natural Resource Management --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Environmental Policy --- Equity --- Expenditures --- Financial Subsidies --- Food Production --- Health System Performance --- Human Development --- Incentives --- Labor Costs --- Land --- Logging --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Natural Resources --- Patents --- Political Economy --- Population Growth --- Poverty Reduction --- Property Rights --- Public Sector Development --- Public Sector Governance --- Purchasing Power --- Risk Management --- Securities --- Tariffs --- Tax Reform --- Taxes --- Trade --- Transaction Costs --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Waste Management --- Water Pollution --- Water Resource Management

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Over the past few decades, modern information technology has made a significant impact on people’s daily lives worldwide. In the field of health care and prevention, there has been a progressing penetration of assistive health services such as personal health records, supporting apps for chronic diseases, or preventive cardiological monitoring. In 2020, the range of personal health services appeared to be almost unmanageable, accompanied by a multitude of different data formats and technical interfaces. The exchange of health-related data between different healthcare providers or platforms may therefore be difficult or even impossible. In addition, health professionals are increasingly confronted with medical data that were not acquired by themselves, but by an algorithmic “black box”. Even further, externally recorded data tend to be incompatible with the data models of classical healthcare information systems.From the individual’s perspective, digital services allow for the monitoring of their own health status. However, such services can also overwhelm their users, especially elderly people, with too many features or barely comprehensible information. It therefore seems highly relevant to examine whether such “always at hand” services exceed the digital literacy levels of average citizens.In this context, this reprint presents innovative, health-related applications or services emphasizing the role of user-centered information technology, with a special focus on one of the aforementioned aspects.

fever --- FeverApp --- ecological momentary assessment --- user behavior --- sociodemographic characteristics --- registry --- guidelines --- feasibility --- usability --- routine health information system --- health management information system --- health system performance --- machine learning --- digital health --- registry analysis --- ClinicalTrials.gov --- device regulation --- new information technology --- Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) --- institution --- institutionalism --- digital informatics --- human–computer interaction --- personal health informatics --- consumer health data --- consumer health information --- self-tracking --- quantified self --- mHealth apps --- telemonitoring --- telemedicine --- telecardiology --- cardiology --- wearable --- sensors --- consumer health devices --- cardiovascular disease --- heart failure --- atrial fibrillation --- mental health --- psychiatry --- psychiatric record --- psychiatric notes --- patient accessible electronic health record --- PAEHR --- open notes --- policies --- COVID-19 --- technology acceptance --- user survey --- wearable health monitor --- ECG patch --- personal electronic health records --- technology adoption --- endogenous motivations --- health information privacy concern --- mixed-methods --- ePA --- online review helpfulness --- signaling theory --- sentiment analysis --- physician rating websites --- consumer decision-making --- health information technology --- information exchange --- hospital --- market

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Over the past few decades, modern information technology has made a significant impact on people’s daily lives worldwide. In the field of health care and prevention, there has been a progressing penetration of assistive health services such as personal health records, supporting apps for chronic diseases, or preventive cardiological monitoring. In 2020, the range of personal health services appeared to be almost unmanageable, accompanied by a multitude of different data formats and technical interfaces. The exchange of health-related data between different healthcare providers or platforms may therefore be difficult or even impossible. In addition, health professionals are increasingly confronted with medical data that were not acquired by themselves, but by an algorithmic “black box”. Even further, externally recorded data tend to be incompatible with the data models of classical healthcare information systems.From the individual’s perspective, digital services allow for the monitoring of their own health status. However, such services can also overwhelm their users, especially elderly people, with too many features or barely comprehensible information. It therefore seems highly relevant to examine whether such “always at hand” services exceed the digital literacy levels of average citizens.In this context, this reprint presents innovative, health-related applications or services emphasizing the role of user-centered information technology, with a special focus on one of the aforementioned aspects.

Medicine --- fever --- FeverApp --- ecological momentary assessment --- user behavior --- sociodemographic characteristics --- registry --- guidelines --- feasibility --- usability --- routine health information system --- health management information system --- health system performance --- machine learning --- digital health --- registry analysis --- ClinicalTrials.gov --- device regulation --- new information technology --- Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) --- institution --- institutionalism --- digital informatics --- human–computer interaction --- personal health informatics --- consumer health data --- consumer health information --- self-tracking --- quantified self --- mHealth apps --- telemonitoring --- telemedicine --- telecardiology --- cardiology --- wearable --- sensors --- consumer health devices --- cardiovascular disease --- heart failure --- atrial fibrillation --- mental health --- psychiatry --- psychiatric record --- psychiatric notes --- patient accessible electronic health record --- PAEHR --- open notes --- policies --- COVID-19 --- technology acceptance --- user survey --- wearable health monitor --- ECG patch --- personal electronic health records --- technology adoption --- endogenous motivations --- health information privacy concern --- mixed-methods --- ePA --- online review helpfulness --- signaling theory --- sentiment analysis --- physician rating websites --- consumer decision-making --- health information technology --- information exchange --- hospital --- market --- fever --- FeverApp --- ecological momentary assessment --- user behavior --- sociodemographic characteristics --- registry --- guidelines --- feasibility --- usability --- routine health information system --- health management information system --- health system performance --- machine learning --- digital health --- registry analysis --- ClinicalTrials.gov --- device regulation --- new information technology --- Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) --- institution --- institutionalism --- digital informatics --- human–computer interaction --- personal health informatics --- consumer health data --- consumer health information --- self-tracking --- quantified self --- mHealth apps --- telemonitoring --- telemedicine --- telecardiology --- cardiology --- wearable --- sensors --- consumer health devices --- cardiovascular disease --- heart failure --- atrial fibrillation --- mental health --- psychiatry --- psychiatric record --- psychiatric notes --- patient accessible electronic health record --- PAEHR --- open notes --- policies --- COVID-19 --- technology acceptance --- user survey --- wearable health monitor --- ECG patch --- personal electronic health records --- technology adoption --- endogenous motivations --- health information privacy concern --- mixed-methods --- ePA --- online review helpfulness --- signaling theory --- sentiment analysis --- physician rating websites --- consumer decision-making --- health information technology --- information exchange --- hospital --- market