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Church and state --- Church and state --- Church and state. --- Church and state. --- Papacy. --- Papacy. --- Papauté. --- Papauté. --- church and state. --- Église et État --- Église et État --- Église et État. --- Catholic Church. --- Catholic Church. --- Église catholique. --- Église catholique. --- Guillaume d'Ockham, --- William, --- Guillaume,

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Aristotle's De anima shaped philosophical debates far beyond the Middle Ages and gave rise to a number of theories about the nature of the soul, its various functions and its relation to the body. The ten contributions to this book, a special issue of the journal Vivarium, examine some of these theories in the period between Albertus Magnus and Descartes. They pay particular attention to the question of how the metaphysical status of the soul and its parts was explained, and analyze Aristotelian accounts of cognitive activities such as perceiving, imagining and thinking. The ten case studies focus both on defenders of the Aristotelian paradigm and on its critics, arguing that one should not look for a moment of break with Aristotelianism, but for various stages of transformation.

Âme --- Albert le Grand (saint ; 1200?-1280) --- Duns Scotus, Johannes (1265-1308) --- Guillaume d'Ockham (1285?-1347) --- Jean de Jandun --- Valla, Lorenzo (1407-1457) --- Scaliger, Jules César (1484-1558) --- Cardano, Gerolamo (1501-1576) --- Descartes, René (1596-1650) --- Cureau de La Chambre, Marin (1594-1669) --- Âme --- Histoire --- 13e-17e siècle --- Albert le Grand (saint ; 1200?-1280) --- Contribution au concept d'âme --- Duns Scotus, Johannes (1265-1308) --- Contribution au concept d'âme --- Guillaume d'Ockham (1285?-1347) --- Contribution au concept d'âme --- Jean de Jandun --- Contribution au concept d'âme Philo-L. --- Valla, Lorenzo (1407-1457) --- Contribution au concept d'âme Philo-L. --- Scaliger, Jules César (1484-1558) --- Contribution au concept d'âme --- Cardano, Gerolamo (1501-1576) --- Contribution au concept d'âme --- Descartes, René (1596-1650) --- Contribution au concept d'âme --- Cureau de La Chambre, Marin (1594-1669) --- Contribution au concept d'âme

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Ockham's razor, the principle of parsimony, states that simpler theories are better than theories that are more complex. It has a history dating back to Aristotle and it plays an important role in current physics, biology, and psychology. The razor also gets used outside of science - in everyday life and in philosophy. This book evaluates the principle and discusses its many applications. Fascinating examples from different domains provide a rich basis for contemplating the principle's promises and perils. It is obvious that simpler theories are beautiful and easy to understand; the hard problem is to figure out why the simplicity of a theory should be relevant to saying what the world is like. In this book, the ABCs of probability theory are succinctly developed and put to work to describe two 'parsimony paradigms' within which this problem can be solved.

Logic --- Ockham, of, William --- Reasoning --- Problem Solving --- Simplicity (Philosophy) --- Philosophy, Medieval --- Guilelmus de Occam, --- Simplicité (philosophie) --- Principe d'économie (philosophie) --- Résolution de problème --- Guillaume d'Ockham, --- Reasoning. --- Problem solving. --- Philosophy, Medieval. --- William, --- Simplicity (Philosophy). --- Résolution de problème. --- Guilelmus de Occam, - ca. 1285-1349 --- Medieval philosophy --- Scholasticism --- Philosophy --- Methodology --- Psychology --- Decision making --- Executive functions (Neuropsychology) --- Argumentation --- Ratiocination --- Reason --- Thought and thinking --- Judgment (Logic) --- Guglielmo, --- Guilelmus, --- Guilhelmus, --- Guillaume, --- Guillelmus, --- Guillermo, --- Occam, --- Occam, Guillaume d', --- Occam, William, --- Occamus, Guilielmus, --- Occhamus, Gulielmus, --- Ockam, Guilhelmus de, --- Ockham, William, --- Okkam, Uilʹi︠a︡m, --- Okkʻam, William, --- Wilhelm, --- William Okkʻam,

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Aristote, philosophe grec, 384-322 av. j.-c. --- Plotin, philosophe grec, vers 205-170 --- Augustin (saint ; 354-430) --- Guillaume d'ockham, theologien et philosophe anglais, 1295?-1349? --- Thomas d'aquin (saint), 1225-1274 --- Leibniz (gottfried wilhelm), philosophe et savant allemand, 1646-1716 --- Malebranche, nicolas de (1638-1715) --- Sade (donatien-alphonse-francois), marquis de --- Kant (emmanuel), philosophe allemand, 1724-1804 --- Schopenhauer (arthur), 1788-1860 --- Philosophie moderne --- Bien et mal --- Kierkegaard (søren aabye), theologien et penseur danois, 1813-1855 --- Liberte --- Liberte (theologie) --- Péché --- Descartes, René, --- Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, --- Aristote, philosophe grec, 384-322 av. j.-c. --- Plotin, philosophe grec, vers 205-170 --- Augustin (saint ; 354-430) --- Guillaume d'ockham, theologien et philosophe anglais, 1295?-1349? --- Thomas d'aquin (saint), 1225-1274 --- Leibniz (gottfried wilhelm), philosophe et savant allemand, 1646-1716 --- Malebranche, nicolas de (1638-1715) --- Sade (donatien-alphonse-francois), marquis de --- Kant (emmanuel), philosophe allemand, 1724-1804 --- Schopenhauer (arthur), 1788-1860 --- Philosophie moderne --- 19e siecle --- Bien et mal --- Kierkegaard (søren aabye), theologien et penseur danois, 1813-1855 --- Liberte --- Liberte (theologie) --- Péché

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History of philosophy --- anno 1400-1499 --- anno 1300-1399 --- Humanism --- Humanisme --- Scholasticism --- Scholastiek --- Scolastique --- Philosophie européenne --- Idees politiques --- Histoire. --- Histoire --- Disputatio (Scolastique) --- Disputationes (Scolastique) --- Lectio (Scolastique) --- Lectiones (Scolastique) --- Philosophes scolastiques --- Philosophie scolastique --- Quaestio (Scolastique) --- Quaestiones (Scolastique) --- Quaestiones disputatae --- Questions disputées --- Questions quodlibétales --- Questions quodlibétiques --- Quodlibets (Scolastique) --- Scholastic theology --- Scholastique --- Scolastiques --- Theology [Scholastic ] --- Théologie scolastique --- Philosophy [Medieval ] --- History --- Philosophy [Renaissance ] --- Philosophie européenne - Histoire --- Idees politiques - Europe - Histoire --- Renaissance --- Vie intellectuelle --- Neoplatonisme --- Lulle (raymond), theologien, poete et alchimiste catalan, 1235-1315 --- Duns scot (john), theologien et philosophe ecossais, 1266?-1308 --- Guillaume d'ockham, theologien et philosophe anglais, 1295?-1349? --- Marsile de padoue, theologien italien, 1275?-1343? --- Gerson (jean charlier, dit jean de), theologien et predicateur francais, 1363-1429 --- Wycliffe (john), -1384 --- Hus (jan), reformateur religieux tcheque, 1371-1415 --- Petrarque (francesco), ecrivain italien, 1303-1374 --- Valla (lorenzo), 1405-1457 --- Nicolas de cuse ou de kues (nikolaus krebs, dit), theologien allemand, 1401-1464 --- Ficin (marsile), philosophe et humaniste italien, 1433-1499 --- Pic de la mirandole (giovanni pico della mirandola), philosophe italien, 1463-1494 --- Savonarole (jerome), 1452-1498 --- Erasme, didier (1469-1536) --- Lefevre d'etaples (jacques), theologien et humaniste francais, 1450?-1537 --- De bovelles (charles) --- Luther (martin), reformateur religieux allemand, 1483-1546 --- More (thomas), homme politique et humaniste anglais, 1478-1535 --- Münzer (thomas), reformateur allemand, 1489-1525 --- 14e-16e siecles --- Europe --- Critique et interpretation --- Münzer (thomas), reformateur allemand, 1489-1525