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Les revenus des produits de la pêche ont augmenté ces dernières années au Vietnam. Le thon étant le produit de la mer à plus forte valeur ajoutée pour l'exportation, son activité procure un revenu à de plus en plus de Vietnamiens (653 millions de dollars en 2018). La compréhension d'une chaîne de valeur permet de l'améliorer et de supprimer les goulets d'étranglement. Pourtant, la littérature existante sur la chaîne de valeur du thon au Vietnam ne prend pas en compte le genre, indispensable au progrès. La réalisation d'une analyse de genre permettra de dresser un tableau du rôle des femmes et de mettre en évidence les disparités entre les genres, bon allié pour parvenir à l'égalité. Pour établir quels sont les rôles des femmes, une étude des différences entre les genres est nécessaire. Pour ce faire, des entretiens ont été menés dans les ports de pêche de Tam Quan et Quy Nhon, dans la province de Binh Dinh, auprès de négociants en thon et d'intermédiaires.
La méthodologie d'analyse de genre de l'USAID pour les chaînes de valeur a été utilisée pour concevoir les questionnaires et servir de cadre à cette étude. Elle tient compte de six dimensions : (i) Accès aux actifs, (ii) Pratiques et participation, (iii) Connaissances, croyances et perceptions, (iv) Droits et statut juridique, (v) Pouvoir et prise de décision, (vi) Temps et espace. Les trois types de rôles considérés par le cadre d'analyse de genre de Moser sont étudiés : productif, reproductif et gestion communautaire.
Les principales disparités observées, dont découlent toutes les autres, concernent la profession et les espèces de thon commercialisées. Les hommes ont accès à un meilleur marché, mais cela ne signifie pas que les femmes sont privées de capital : elles traitent de plus grandes quantités de poisson et sont propriétaires de plus de bateaux de pêche.
Les femmes sont plus susceptibles de prester davantage d’heures de travail et d’avoir peu de temps libre puisqu'elles doivent assurer les deux rôles : productif et reproductif. Ici, les femmes n'ont pas un triple rôle ; elles sont responsables du foyer et de la plupart des tâches administratives de l'entreprise. Elles sont perçues comme étant plus aptes à négocier car elles font preuve de patience et de diligence.
Contrairement à ce que l'on pourrait penser, le rôle de gestion communautaire revient aux hommes. Revenues of fishery products have been increasing these past few years in Vietnam. Tuna being the sea-commodity with the highest added-value for exportation, its business provides an income to more and more Vietnamese (USD 653 million in 2018). Understanding a value chain enables its improvement and the suppression of bottle-necks. Yet, the existing literature on the value chain of tuna in Vietnam does not take gender, essential to progress, into account. Conducting a gender analysis will help build a picture of the role of women and highlight gender disparities, hence a good ally to reach equality. To establish what are the roles of women, a study of the gender disparities is required. To do so, interviews were conducted in Tam Quan and Quy Nhon fishing ports in Binh Dinh province, among tuna traders and middle-persons.
USAID’s gender analysis methodology for value chains was used to design the questionnaires and serve as the framework for this study. It accounts for six dimensions : (i) Access to assets, (ii) Practices and participation, (iii) Knowledge, beliefs and perceptions, (iv) Legal rights and status, (v) Power and decision-making, (vi) Time and space. The three types of roles considered by Moser’s Gender Analysis Framework are studied : productive, reproductive and community management.
The main disparities observed, from which all the others arise, pertain to the profession and the species of tuna traded. Men have access to a better market but this does not mean that women are denied capital : they deal with bigger quantities of fish and are owners of more fishing boats.
Women are more likely to have long working hours and little free time since they have to ensure the two roles : productive and reproductive. Here, women do not have a triple role; they are in charge of the household and most of the administrative tasks of the business. They are perceived as better at negotiating since they show patience and diligence. 
Contrary to what one might think, the role of community managing falls to men.

thon --- chaine de valeur --- analyse de genre --- Vietnam --- rôle des femmes --- disparités de genre --- tuna --- value chain --- gender analysis --- Vietnam --- roles of women --- gender disparities --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Economie internationale --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Economie sociale --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Domaines particuliers de l'économie (santé, travail, transport...) --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Travail social & politique sociale

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[The role of women in entrepreneurship, management and corporate governance is regarded as central to the development and welfare of economies. Since the early 1980s, there has been increased interest in women managers and entrepreneurs, often from an interdisciplinary approach, combining, for example, sociology, psychology, management and organisational studies and economics. Nowadays, research on women in management and organisations is continuously and rapidly evolving (Paoloni and Demartini, 2016). Research on how women face new business challenges within organisations—as entrepreneurs, owners, managers, as well as workers—can contribute to understanding the new drivers affecting value creation dynamics in our knowledge-based society (Cesaroni, Demartini and Paoloni, 2017). Accordingly, this book tries to offer some insights on how women create, process and share knowledge in their business activity through the application and exploitation of novel creative ideas and solutions]

n/a --- gender stratification --- gender --- role salience --- female entrepreneurship --- motherhood --- new high-technology ventures --- high tech female entrepreneur --- career paths --- women founders --- mumpreneurs --- glass ceiling --- public governance --- leadership --- economic variable classification --- work–family balance --- gender gap --- Chile --- underperformance hypothesis --- career management --- gender equality --- Innovative female startups --- gender stereotypes --- entrepreneurship --- startups --- economic crisis --- gender-responsive budget --- chartered public accountants --- decision-making --- women in top management --- stakeholder engagement --- woman startups --- Italy --- accounting profession --- gender analysis --- gender issues --- women --- governance --- work-family balance

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This book brings together leading feminist international criminal and humanitarian law academics and practitioners to examine the place of gender in international criminal law (ICL). It identifies and analyses prevailing misconceptions and narrow understandings of gender, before turning to a consideration of the impact a limited conceptualization has on accountability efforts and the protection of rights. It includes specific examples from national and international jurisprudence from which it is clear that the term 'gender' has not been well understood and that gender 'blind spots' prevail. These manifest starkly, for example, with respect to sexual violence against men and boys, gender-based crimes affecting children, and the gendered dimensions of slavery, forced marriage, and reproductive crimes. The authors consider how best to implement a deeper and more accurate understanding of gender in the practice of international criminal law by identifying possible responses, including embedding a sophisticated gender strategy into the practice of ICL, the gender-sensitive application of international human rights and international humanitarian law, and feminist reconstruction of judging in ICL. Other authors examine efforts to ensure that gender is expansively interpreted in ICL, for example in a new treaty on crimes against humanity, and that victims' reparation awards are gender-inclusive. The objective of this book is to promote a more nuanced and expanded understanding of the concept of 'gender' in the field ICL in order to strengthen efforts for accountability for war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, and aggression.

International Criminal Law --- Women --- Feminist legal theory --- Gender analysis --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- Criminal law, International --- ICL (International criminal law) --- Criminal law --- International law --- Criminal jurisdiction --- International crimes --- Sex crimes (International law) --- Sex crimes --- Investigating. --- Abuse, Sexual --- Sex offenses --- Sexual abuse --- Sexual crimes --- Sexual delinquency --- Sexual offenses --- Sexual violence --- Crime --- Prostitution --- Crimes against humanity --- International criminal law --- Law and legislation