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Warum sind sprachliche Strukturen so, wie sie sind? Wie entstehen sie? Warum verändern sie sich? Ausgangspunkt dieses Buches sind Tagebuchdaten zur Sprachentwicklung eines Kindes, die über mehrere Jahre hinweg täglich erhoben wurden. Ergänzt durch Daten aus anderen Erhebungen und Beispiele zu Sprachkontakt, -geschichte und synchroner Variation werden Parallelen und Zusammenhänge zwischen verschiedenen sprachlichen Bereichen und Sprachveränderungsformen untersucht. Der vorzustellende Ansatz geht davon aus, daß die Systematizität der Sprache als ein Prozeß zu verstehen ist, in dem die Komplexität phonologischer, morphologischer und syntaktischer Strukturen im Laufe des Spracherwerbs langsam ansteigt. Der Diskurs liefert die nötigen Bausteine. Das Lexikon wirkt als übergreifender, zusammenfassender Faktor. Sprechhandlungen entstehen in der Interaktion. Es wird gezeigt, wie sprachliche Strukturen erworben werden, wenn statt eines angeborenen Apparates von Kategorien und Regeln generelle Verarbeitungsmechanismen zur Verfügung stehen, die in einem netzwerkartigen informationsverarbeitenden System wirken und von außen, von der Sprechsituation und Sprecher- und Hörerintention, beeinflußbar sind. Nur die informationsverarbeitenden Strategien sind angeboren - nicht jedoch grammatische Strukturen. Prozedurale und diskursbedingte Faktoren interagieren. Auf diese Weise sind die Daten aus den verschiedenen Erhebungen, Ergebnisse von Computersimulationen wie auch diachrone und synchrone Veränderungen erklärbar. Der Ansatz vereint funktionale und konnektionistische Vorstellungen und vermittelt dabei eine prozeßorientierte Vorstellung von Grammatik.

Mathematical linguistics --- Grammar --- Acquisition du langage --- Acquisition of language --- Cognitieve spraakkunst --- Cognitive grammar --- Fonctionalisme (Linguistique) --- Functionalism (Linguistics) --- Functionalisme (Taalwetenschap) --- Grammaire cognitive --- Grammar [Cognitive ] --- Langage [Acquisition du ] --- Language acquisition --- Language development in children --- Spraakkunst [Cognitieve ] --- Taalverwerving --- Cognitive grammar. --- Language acquisition. --- Functionalism (Linguistics). --- Functional analysis (Linguistics) --- Functional grammar --- Functional linguistics --- Functional-structural analysis (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Functional --- Grammatical functions --- Linguistics --- Structural linguistics --- Developmental linguistics --- Developmental psycholinguistics --- Language and languages --- Psycholinguistics, Developmental --- Interpersonal communication in children --- Psycholinguistics --- Cognitive linguistics --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Acquisition

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This study investigates the acquisition of Functional Categories (e.g., INFL (AGR, TNS), DET, COMP) from the perspective of self-organization in generative grammar. Language is conceived of as a dynamical system which evolves in time and bifurcates when critical thresholds are reached. The emergence of syntax as evidenced by the acquisition of Functional Categories is the major bifurcation in child language acquisition. Target values of syntactic parameters are attractors which children approach on individual trajectories. A proposed tripartite scenario of change - from a simple stable state A, via symmetry-breaking in a liminal phase B characterized by variation, to a new complex stable state C - accounts for the dynamics in early grammatical development. Traditional generative issues, such as the acquisition of case-marking, finiteness, V2, and wh-questions, are discussed as well as new issues, such as functional neologisms, and sentential blends. Dynamical notions like precursor, oscillation, symmetry-breaking, and trigger are important explanatory tools. The growing child phrase marker is a fractal mental object which represents syntactic information by way of self-similar extended projections. The book addresses researchers in language acquisition from various theoretical camps: generative, functional, connectionist, by giving new answers to old questions in the light of a novel challenging theory: self-organization.

Acquisition du langage --- Acquisition of language --- Auto-organisation (Théorie des systèmes) --- Fonctionalisme (Linguistique) --- Functionalism (Linguistics) --- Functionalisme (Taalwetenschap) --- Langage [Acquisition du ] --- Language acquisition --- Language development in children --- Learning systems (Automatic control) --- Self-optimizing systems --- Self-organizing systems --- Systèmes auto-optimalisants --- Systèmes auto-organisés --- Systèmes d'apprentissage (Commande automatique) --- Taalverwerving --- Zelfregelende systemen --- Language acquisition. --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Language and languages --- Syntax --- Developmental linguistics --- Developmental psycholinguistics --- Psycholinguistics, Developmental --- Interpersonal communication in children --- Psycholinguistics --- Syntax. --- Acquisition --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax

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The de Gruyter lexicon Metaphor Theories provides a comprehensive introduction to the concept of metaphor, a compendium-like overview of all metaphor theories, and an extensive bibliography on the topic. Existing metaphor theories are divided into four main categories: 1. structural theories (Coseriu, Jakobson, et al.), 2. pragmatic theories (Searle, Grice, et al.), 3. semantic theories (Ricoeur, Danto, et al.) and 4. functional theories (Bühler, Blumenberg, et al.). The lexicon is a reference work on the phenomenon of metaphorical speech - an intensely discussed topic in the fields of literar

Lexicology. Semantics --- Pragmatics --- Fonctionalisme (Linguistique) --- Functionalism (Linguistics) --- Functionalisme (Taalwetenschap) --- Metafoor --- Metaphor --- Métaphore --- Parabole --- Pragmatiek --- Pragmatique --- Retorica --- Rhetoric --- Rhétorique --- Semeiotics --- Semiology (Linguistics) --- Semiotics --- Semiotiek --- Structuralism (Literary analysis) --- Structuralisme (Analyse litteraire) --- Structuralisme (Literaire analyse) --- Sémiologie --- Sémiotique --- Séméiologie --- Séméiotique --- Language and languages --- Metaphor. --- Pragmatics. --- Rhetoric. --- Semiotics. --- Philosophy. --- Functionalism (Linguistics). --- Structuralism (Literary analysis). --- Criticism --- Semantics --- Signs and symbols --- Speaking --- Authorship --- Expression --- Literary style --- Pragmalinguistics --- General semantics --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Figures of speech --- Reification --- Functional analysis (Linguistics) --- Functional grammar --- Functional linguistics --- Functional-structural analysis (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Functional --- Grammatical functions --- Linguistics --- Structural linguistics --- Philosophy

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Este libro, que se publica coincidiendo con el centenario del nacimiento de Alvar Aalto, ofrece un detallado estudio de algunas obras maestras de la arquitectura moderna y un riguroso y nuevo método de análisis de la obra arquitectónica. El autor profundiza en las primeras obras funcionalistas de Aalto y Bruggman - Villa Mairea, el Hospital de Paimio o la Capilla de la Resurrección - indagando en ellas a través de una metodología que facilita la comprensión global de la obra como pocas veces se había hecho. El acierto del planteamiento y una escritura clara y vigorosa que va mucho más allá del tecnicismo abren una nueva e interesante vía para la percepción del hecho arquitectónico, tan válida para el especialista como para el lector interesado por la materia. Incluso el lector profano puede encontrar un buen pretexto para adentrarse en este mundo a través de una cuidada expresión y abundante acompañamiento gráfico.

Functionalism (Architecture) --- Fonctionalisme (Architecture) --- Aalto, Alvar, --- Bryggman, Erik, --- Mouvement moderne --- Fonctionnalisme --- Architecte --- Bryggman, Erik --- Aalto, Alvar --- 20e siècle --- Finlande --- 72.036 --- Finland --- Ismael Garcia Rios --- architectuur --- twintigste eeuw --- functionalisme --- modernisme --- Aalto Alvar --- Bryggman Erik --- 72.071 AALTO --- 72.071 BRYGGMAN --- Twintigste eeuw (architectuur) --- 20ste eeuw (architectuur) --- Functionalisme (architectuur) --- Architecture --- Fonctionnalisme (architecture) --- 72.037(480) --- Architectuurgeschiedenis ; 1900 - 1950 ; Finland --- Architectuur ; Finland ; 20ste eeuw ; A. Aalto en E. Bryggman --- Aalto, Alvar 1898-1976 (°Alajärvi, Finland) --- Bryggman, Erik 1891-1955 (°Turku, Finland) --- Functionalisme --- Modernisme --- Modernistische architectuur --- Aalto, Hugo Alvar Henrik 1898-1976 (°Kuortane, Finland) --- Aalto, Alvar, 1898-1976

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Lexical Functions in Lexicography and Natural Language Processing is entirely devoted to the topic of Lexical Functions, which have been introduced in the framework of the Meaning-Text Theory (MTT) as a means for describing restricted lexical co-occurrence and derivational relations. It provides detailed background information, comparative studies of other known proposals for the representation of relations covered by Lexical Functions, as well as a selection of most important works done on and with Lexical Functions in lexicography and computational linguistics. This volume provides excellent

Computational linguistics. --- Functionalism (Linguistics). --- Lexicography. --- Lexicology. --- Meaning-text theory (Linguistics). --- Automatic language processing --- Computational linguistics --- Computer linguistics --- Computerlinguïstiek --- Fonctionalisme (Linguistique) --- Functionalism (Linguistics) --- Functionalisme (Taalwetenschap) --- Language and languages -- Data processing --- Language data processing --- Lexicografie --- Lexicographie --- Lexicography --- Lexicologie --- Lexicology --- Linguistics -- Data processing --- Linguistique -- Informatique --- Linguistique -- Traitement des données --- Linguistique computationnelle --- Linguistique informatique --- Linguistique informatisée --- Natural language processing (Linguistics) --- Taalwetenschap -- Gegevensverwerking --- Meaning-text theory (Linguistics) --- Meaning-text model (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- English language --- Language and languages --- Encyclopedias and dictionaries --- Functional analysis (Linguistics) --- Functional grammar --- Functional linguistics --- Functional-structural analysis (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Functional --- Grammatical functions --- Structural linguistics --- Applied linguistics --- Cross-language information retrieval --- Mathematical linguistics --- Multilingual computing --- Data processing --- ENGLISH LANGUAGE --- LEXICOLOGY --- COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS --- FUNCTIONALISM (LINGUISTICS) --- LEXICOGRAPHY