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Endangered languages --- Language obsolescence --- Linguistic change --- Nata dialect. --- Endangered languages. --- Language and languages. --- Language obsolescence. --- Linguistic change. --- Africa --- Africa. --- Languages. --- Change, Linguistic --- Language change --- Language and languages --- Language death --- Obsolescence of languages --- At-risk languages --- Disappearing languages --- Dying languages --- Fading languages --- Nearly extinct languages --- Threatened languages --- Vanishing languages --- Languages --- Obsolescence --- Historical linguistics --- Sociolinguistics --- Extinct languages --- Dialectology --- African languages

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Creating an orthography is often seen as a key component of language revitalisation. Encoding an endangered variety can enhance its status and prestige. In speech communities that are fragmented dialectally or geographically, a common writing system may help create a sense of unified identity, or help keep a language alive by facilitating teaching and learning. Despite clear advantages, creating an orthography for an endangered language can also bring challenges, and this volume debates the following critical questions: whose task should this be - that of the linguist or the speech community? Should an orthography be maximally distanciated from that of the language of wider communication for ideological reasons, or should its main principles coincide for reasons of learnability? Which local variety should be selected as the basis of a common script? Is a multilectal script preferable to a standardised orthography? And can creating an orthography create problems for existing native speakers?

Endangered languages --- LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES --- Language and languages --- Language revival --- Orthography and spelling. --- Linguistics --- Historical & Comparative. --- Social aspects. --- Orthography --- Spelling --- Writing --- Language renewal --- Language revitalization --- Renewal, Language --- Restoration of languages --- Revitalization, Language --- Revival of languages --- Sociolinguistics --- At-risk languages --- Disappearing languages --- Dying languages --- Fading languages --- Nearly extinct languages --- Threatened languages --- Vanishing languages --- Language obsolescence --- Spelling reform --- Restoration --- Revival

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Der vorliegende Band bietet vielfältige Herangehensweisen zu den Sprachen der indigenen Völker Amerikas - zu den großen Sprachen (Guaraní, Zapotekisch, Otomí, klassisches Aztekisch) ebenso wie zu den kleinen (Mosetén, Cabécar). Die Einflüsse der amerindischen Sprachen auf die Ideengeschichte der Sprachwissenschaft werden genauso berücksichtigt wie die vielfältigen Kontaktbeziehungen (vornehmlich zum Spanischen) und Gesichtspunkte der kulturellen Diversität. Sprachen mit relativ langer Schriftlichkeitstradition stehen neben Sprachen, mit deren Verschriftung erst kürzlich begonnen wurde. Das Analysespektrum reicht von der Synopse grammatischer Gesamtsysteme bis zur Untersuchung von Einzelaspekten aus dem Leben der Sprachen. So wird der thematische Reichtum des Forschungsgebietes umfassend abgebildet. Der Band enthält sowohl Beiträge, die sich an ein linguistisch-philologisch vorgebildetes Publikum richten, als auch solche, die interessierte Laien ansprechen. Er versammelt die Vorträge des Gründungskolloquiums Europäisches Netzwerk für Amerindische Linguistik (ENAL), die im Oktober 2009 im Rahmen des Festivals der Sprachen in Bremen gehalten wurden.

Indians of South America --- Indians of North America --- Endangered languages. --- Language and culture. --- Culture and language --- Culture --- At-risk languages --- Disappearing languages --- Dying languages --- Fading languages --- Nearly extinct languages --- Threatened languages --- Vanishing languages --- Language and languages --- Language obsolescence --- Languages. --- America --- Americas --- New World --- Western Hemisphere --- Languages --- History.

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Negation in Arawak Languages presents detailed descriptions of negation constructions in nine Arawak languages (Apurinã, Garifuna, Kurripako, Lokono, Mojeño Trinitario, Nanti, Paresi, Tariana, and Wauja), as well as an overview of negation in this major language family. Functional-typological in orientation, each descriptive chapter in the volume is based on fieldwork by authors in the communities in which the languages are spoken. Chapters describe standard negation, prohibitives, existential negation, negative indefinites, and free negation, as well as language-specific negation phenomena such as morphological privatives, the interaction of negation with verbal inflectional categories, and negation in clause-linking constructions. Informed by typological approaches to negation, this volume will be of interest to specialists in Arawak languages, typologists, historical linguists, and theoretical linguists.

Arawakan languages --- Endangered languages. --- Language attrition. --- Language loss --- Bilingualism --- Sociolinguistics --- At-risk languages --- Disappearing languages --- Dying languages --- Fading languages --- Nearly extinct languages --- Threatened languages --- Vanishing languages --- Language and languages --- Language obsolescence --- Indians of Central America --- Indians of South America --- Indians of the West Indies --- Grammar. --- Negatives. --- Languages --- Maipuran languages --- Maipure languages

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This book proposes a corpus-driven approach to language contact based on the study of endangered languages. Drawing on variationist and language contact frameworks, it presents an analysis of spoken corpora from Europe and Mexico using a combination of criteria. The aim of this approach is to establish patterns of multilingual speech prevailing in different communities and allow for crosslinguistic comparison.

Endangered languages --- Languages in contact --- Linguistic change --- Comparative linguistics. --- Comparative philology --- Philology, Comparative --- Historical linguistics --- Change, Linguistic --- Language change --- Language and languages --- Areal linguistics --- At-risk languages --- Disappearing languages --- Dying languages --- Fading languages --- Nearly extinct languages --- Threatened languages --- Vanishing languages --- Language obsolescence --- Dialectology --- Comparative linguistics --- Sociolinguistics --- Language Contact, Endangered Languages.