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This book is open access under a CC-BY 4.0 license. This book examines social and medical responses to the disfigured face in early medieval Europe, arguing that the study of head and facial injuries can offer a new contribution to the history of early medieval medicine and culture, as well as exploring the language of violence and social interactions. Despite the prevalence of warfare and conflict in early medieval society, and a veritable industry of medieval historians studying it, there has in fact been very little attention paid to the subject of head wounds and facial damage in the course of war and/or punitive justice. The impact of acquired disfigurement —for the individual, and for her or his family and community—is barely registered, and only recently has there been any attempt to explore the question of how damaged tissue and bone might be treated medically or surgically. In the wake of new work on disability and the emotions in the medieval period, this study documents how acquired disfigurement is recorded across different geographical and chronological contexts in the period. .

Disfigured persons --- Face --- Head --- History --- Social conditions --- Wounds and injuries --- Medieval philosophy. --- Medieval Literature. --- Medieval Philosophy. --- History of Medieval Europe. --- History—476-1492. --- Literature. --- Europe --- Literature, Medieval. --- European literature --- Medieval literature --- Belles-lettres --- Western literature (Western countries) --- World literature --- Medieval philosophy --- Philology --- Authors --- Authorship --- Scholasticism --- Philosophy, medieval. --- Europe-History-476-1492. --- Europe—History—476-1492. --- Philosophy, Medieval. --- Medieval Literature --- Medieval Philosophy --- History of Medieval Europe --- Disfigurement --- Gender --- Medicine and health --- Violence --- Literary studies: ancient, classical & medieval --- European history: medieval period, middle ages

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"This book examines one of the most fundamental issues in twelfth-century English politics: justice. It demonstrates that during the foundational period for the common law, the question of judgement and judicial ethics was a topic of heated debate-- a common problem with multiple different answers. How to be a judge, and how to judge well, was a concern shared by humble and high, keeping both kings and parish priests awake at night. Using theological texts, sermons, legal treatises and letter collections, the book explores how moralists attempted to provide guidance for uncertain judges. It argues that mercy was always the most difficult challenge for a judge, fitting uncomfortably within the law and of disputed value. Shining a new light on English legal history, Justice and Mercy reveals the moral dilemmas created by the establishment of the common law"--.

Justice, Administration of --- Law and ethics. --- Scholasticism --- History --- Law --- Christian ethics --- Ethical theology --- Moral theology --- Theology, Ethical --- Theology, Moral --- Christian life --- Christian philosophy --- Religious ethics --- Administration of justice --- Courts --- History. --- History of doctrines --- Law and legislation --- History and criticism --- Great Britain --- Church history --- Gnade. --- Rechtsordnung. --- Moraltheologie. --- England. --- England and Wales --- Angleterre --- Anglii︠a︡ --- Inghilterra --- Engeland --- Inglaterra --- Anglija --- Medieval history. --- HISTORY / Europe / Medieval. --- History & Archaeoogy --- European history --- European history: medieval period, middle ages. --- Theology, Scholastic --- Philosophy --- Philosophy, Medieval --- Ethics and law --- Law and morals --- Morals and law --- Kingdom of England --- Engländer --- Großbritannien --- -1707