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Examining works by well-known figures of the English Revolution, including John Milton, Oliver Cromwell, Margaret Fell Fox, Lucy Hutchinson, Thomas Hobbes, and King Charles I, Giuseppina Iacono Lobo presents the first comprehensive study of conscience during this crucial and turbulent period.

English literature --- Conscience in literature. --- History and criticism. --- Psychological study of literature --- anno 1500-1599 --- anno 1600-1699 --- Great Britain --- History --- Literature and the revolution.

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Greek drama (Tragedy) --- Conscience in literature --- Tragédie grecque --- Conscience (Morale) dans la littérature --- History and criticism --- Histoire et critique

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English literature --- Thematology --- Drama --- anno 1600-1699 --- anno 1500-1599 --- Conscience dans la litterature --- Conscience in literature --- Geweten in de literatuur --- English drama (Tragedy) --- History and criticism --- English drama --- Early modern and Elizabethan, 1500-1600 --- 17th century

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A-t-on le droit de sacrifier une vie pour en sauver plusieurs ? Comment rendre justice quand il y a mort d’homme, mais ni responsables, ni coupables assignables ? Vaut-il mieux mourir pour ses idées que se compromettre ? Des questions de justice sociale aux nouveaux enjeux de la bioéthique ou du droit international, le débat moral s’invite sur tous les terrains. Mais la théorie de la justice ne peut pas tout : un scrupule, un souvenir, un doute peuvent survenir qui brouillent la réflexion. Parce qu’elle prend en charge la part des émotions et de l’imagination, la littérature offre ses propres ressources pour nous aider à répondre à la question récurrente : qu’est-il juste de faire ? Convoquant aussi bien des œuvres classiques que des références populaires, de Victor Hugo au soldat Ryan de Spielberg en passant par Kafka, Melville ou Camus, cet essai nous plonge dans les grands dilemmes pour mettre au jour, sans jugement tranché ni solution de facilité, les ressorts de nos luttes intérieures. La littérature est le laboratoire des cas de conscience.

Littérature et morale. --- Casuistique. --- Choix moral. --- Conscience morale. --- Casuistry in literature --- Littérature et morale --- Casuistique --- Choix moral --- Conscience morale --- Casuistry in literature. --- Conscience in literature. --- Decision making --- Moral and ethical aspects.

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"'Bold Conscience' chronicles the shifting conception of conscience in early modern England, as it evolved from a faculty of restraint--what the author labels "cowardly conscience"--to one of bold and forthright self-assertion. Caught at the vortex of public and private concerns, the concept of the conscience played an important role in post-Reformation England, from clerical leaders on down to laymen, not least because of its central place in determining loyalties during the English Civil War and the consequent regicide of King Charles I. Yet within this mix of perspectives, the most sinuous, complex, and ultimately lasting perspectives on bold conscience emerge from deliberately literary, rhetorically artistic voices--Shakespeare, Donne, and Milton. Joshua Held argues that literary texts by these authors, in re-casting the idea of conscience as a private, interior, shameful state to one of boldness fit for the public realm, parallel a historical development in which the conscience becomes a platform both for royal power and for common dissent in post-Reformation England. With the 1649 regicide of King Charles I as a fulcrum that unites both literary and historical timelines, Held tracks the increasing power of the conscience from William Shakespeare's Hamlet and Henry VIII to John Donne's court sermons, and finally to Milton's Areopagitica and Charles's defense of his kingship, Eikon Basilike. In a direct attack on Eikon Basilike, Milton destroys the prerogative of the royal conscience in Eikonoklastes, and later in Paradise Lost proposes an alternative basis for inner confidence, rooting it not in divine right but in the 'paradise within,' a metonym for conscience. Applying a fine-grain literary analysis to literary England from about 1601 to 1667, this study looks backward as well to the theological foundations of the concept in Luther of the 1520s and forward to its transformation by Locke into the term 'consciousness' in 1689. Ultimately, Held's study shows how the idea of a conscience in early modern England, long central to the private self and linked to the will, memory, and mind-emerges as a nexus between the private self and the realm of public action, a bulwark against absolute sovereignty, and its attenuation as a means of more limited, personal certainty. Whether in Milton's struggle against King Charles or Hamlet's against King Claudius, the conscience born of the Reformation becomes less a state of inner critique and more a form of outward expression fit for the communal life and commitments demanded by the early modern era"--

English literature --- Conscience in literature. --- Christianity and politics --- Christianity and politics --- Conscience --- Politics and literature --- Politics and literature --- History and criticism. --- History --- History --- Religious aspects --- Christianity. --- History --- History --- Shakespeare, William, --- Donne, John, --- Milton, John, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Criticism and interpretation.