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Les communs désignent des modes de gestion de ressources matérielles ou immatérielles, spécialement foncières. Ils sont fondés sur le partage des potentialités de ces ressources ou de leurs bénéfices, et ne relèvent ni de la propriété privée ni du domaine public d’un État. Ils mobilisent des collectifs, dits communautés, peu ou pas institutionnalisés et des règles qui peuvent être implicites et « inférentielles ». À l’origine fonciers, ils se sont adaptés pour répondre à de nouveaux besoins de ressources. Leurs formes se sont diversifiées et connaissent aujourd’hui une nouvelle mutation, dans le contexte de la « révolution numérique » et des initiatives des pays du Sud, en réponse aux dérèglements climatiques et aux transformations des sociétés humaines et de l’économie mondiale.Le présent essai est le fruit de réflexions collectives réunies à l’occasion d’un colloque organisé par l’Académie des sciences d’outre-mer (ASOM). Il définit ce que deviennent les communs aujourd‘hui.Comprendre les communs, leur reconnaître une place dans le droit national et international sont des enjeux politiques, économiques et écologiques indispensables à une « mondialité » maîtrisée, à une biodiversité protégée et à une prospérité assurée pour demain.Dans ce livre sont posés les obstacles d’adaptation existants et esquissées des pistes dont il est crucial que les États et les citoyens se saisissent pour faire face aux besoins croissants de partage et de création de ressources.

Public goods --- Natural resources --- Community-based conservation --- Conservation of natural resources --- Biens collectifs --- Ressources naturelles --- Conservation communautaire des ressources naturelles --- Conservation des ressources naturelles --- Co-management --- International cooperation --- Cogestion --- Coopération internationale

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The concept of “Place” has become prominent in natural resource management, as professionals increasingly recognize the importance of scale, place-specific meanings, local knowledge, and  social-ecological dynamics. Place-Based Conservation: Perspectives from the Social Sciences offers a thorough examination of the topic, dividing its exploration into four broad areas. Part One, Conceptual Issues of Place-Based Conservation, distinguishes and clarifies social science approaches. Part Two, Experiencing Place, probes the sources and effects of deeply individual relationships that people develop with places and landscapes. The third part, Representing Place, explores the ways in which human relationships with places are represented, become more visible and public and are transformed by conservation practices. The final section, Mapping Place, illustrates emerging techniques that connect meanings and sentiments to the material and locational characteristics of places. Place-Based Conservation provides a comprehensive resource for researchers and practitioners to help build the conceptual grounding necessary to understand and to effectively practice  place-based conservation.                      .

Green movement -- Economic aspects. --- Green products. --- New business enterprises. --- Community-based conservation --- Conservation of natural resources --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Environmental Sciences --- Social aspects --- Environmental management. --- Nature conservation. --- Human geography. --- Anthropo-geography --- Anthropogeography --- Geographical distribution of humans --- Social geography --- Conservation of nature --- Nature --- Nature protection --- Protection of nature --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Conservation --- Environment. --- Regional planning. --- Urban planning. --- Sustainable development. --- Environmental Management. --- Nature Conservation. --- Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning. --- Sustainable Development. --- Environment, general. --- Human Geography. --- Anthropology --- Geography --- Human ecology --- Applied ecology --- Conservation biology --- Endangered ecosystems --- Natural areas --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Environmental sciences. --- Environmental science --- Science --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Regional development --- Regional planning --- State planning --- Human settlements --- Land use --- Planning --- City planning --- Landscape protection --- Environmental aspects --- Government policy --- Cities and towns --- Civic planning --- Land use, Urban --- Model cities --- Redevelopment, Urban --- Slum clearance --- Town planning --- Urban design --- Urban development --- Urban planning --- Art, Municipal --- Civic improvement --- Urban policy --- Urban renewal --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Population biology --- Ecology