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German language --- Case grammar. --- Wolfram, --- Wolfram, --- Language.

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This paper attempts to shed new light on malefactivity in Japanese by examining how the adversative interpretation obtains in the Japanese passive constructions, both as a fully grammaticalized constructional meaning and a context-dependent interpretation. Our analysis reveals the general mechanisms underlying the adversative semantics and concomitant syntactic behavior such as valency increase, as well as elucidating the way they interact with language-particular features characteristic of Japanese. The overall picture gained by our analysis points to the importance of viewing adversative constructions in a broader perspective, as something which emerges from the interaction of various factors in the dynamic processes of contextualization and grammaticalization.

Grammar --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Case grammar. --- Benefactive constructions. --- Case. --- Case grammar --- Case --- Benefactive case (Grammar) --- Benefactive constructions (Grammar) --- Grammar, Case --- Benefactive constructions --- Syntax --- Linguistics --- Philology

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In the context of Arabic and Semitic, it is only natural to treat case and mood under one umbrella: Arab grammarians ingenuously devised the same terms for the independent case and the independent mood on the one hand, and for the dependent case and the dependent mood, respectively. Still, the main focus of these proceedings lies on case in Semitic and Afroasiatic, wherever relevant. Thereby, taking up controversial data, issues, arguments and discussion is indispensable.The volume contains contributions covering data mainly from Akkadian, Hebrew, Arabic, Ethio-Semitic, Berber, and selected Cushitic and Omotic languages. One paper investigates the diachronic development of case and the mimation in Akkadian, another discusses a number of accepted as well as a number of controversial residues of case in Biblical Hebrew and proposes suggestions of reanalysis in this context. A critical reading of chapter 17 of al-Za a i's dah is offered as well as a summary and further development of recent discussion on the scenario of case in historical varieties of Arabic. The discussion about "The Case for Proto-Semitic and Proto-Arabic Case" is followed up. Furthermore, the intricacies of delimitating the concepts of case and state in Berber are discussed as well as the meaningfulness of applying the opposition "nominative" vs. "absolutive", which is widely acknowledged to be valid in a broader Afroasiatic perspective, to Semitic. The final paper rounds up the volume with some more general deliberations on the verbal system in Semitic, thereby proposing a four-stage model.

Semitic languages --- Case --- Case grammar --- Mood --- Grammar, Comparative

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Case grammar. --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Case. --- Grammar --- Pragmatics --- Case grammar --- Grammar, Case --- Case --- Syntax --- Linguistics --- Philology

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Grammar --- Dependency grammar. --- Case grammar. --- Dependency grammar --- Case grammar --- Grammar, Case --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Valence (Linguistics) --- Mathematical linguistics --- Case --- Syntax