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"How new is atheism? Although adherents and opponents alike today present it as an invention of the European Enlightenment, when the forces of science and secularism broadly challenged those of faith, disbelief in the gods, in fact, originated in a far more remote past. In Battling the Gods, Tim Whitmarsh journeys into the ancient Mediterranean, a world almost unimaginably different from our own, to recover the stories and voices of those who first refused the divinities. Homer's epic poems of human striving, journeying, and passion were ancient Greece's only "sacred texts," but no ancient Greek thought twice about questioning or mocking his stories of the gods. Priests were functionaries rather than sources of moral or cosmological wisdom. The absence of centralized religious authority made for an extraordinary variety of perspectives on sacred matters, from the devotional to theatheos, or "godless." Whitmarsh explores this kaleidoscopic range of ideas about the gods, focusing on the colorful individuals who challenged their existence. Among these were some of the greatest ancient poets and philosophers and writers, as well as the less well known: Diagoras of Melos, perhaps the first self-professed atheist; Democritus, the first materialist; Socrates, executed for rejecting the gods of the Athenian state; Epicurus and his followers, who thought gods could not intervene in human affairs; the brilliantly mischievous satirist Lucian of Samosata. Before the revolutions of late antiquity, which saw the scriptural religions of Christianity and Islam enforced by imperial might, there were few constraints on belief. Everything changed, however, in the millennium between the appearance of the Homeric poems and Christianity's establishment as Rome's state religion in the fourth century AD. As successive Greco-Roman empires grew in size and complexity, and power was increasingly concentrated in central capitals, states sought to impose collective religious adherence, first to cults devoted to individual rulers, and ultimately to monotheism. In this new world, there was no room for outright disbelief: the label "atheist" was used now to demonize anyone who merely disagreed with the orthodoxy--and so it would remain for centuries." -- Publisher's description

Atheism --- Christianity and atheism. --- Athéisme --- Christianisme et athéisme --- History. --- Histoire --- Greece --- Grèce --- Religion. --- Religion --- Christianity and atheism --- History --- Religion grecque --- Atheism. --- Greece. --- Athéisme --- Christianisme et athéisme --- Grèce --- Religion grecque. --- Christianisme et athéisme. --- Atheism - Greece - History --- Greece - Religion

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Le succès considérable du Traité d'athéologie de Michel Onfray a contribué à répandre l'idée que les trois monothéismes sont fondés sur " une série de mépris identiques : haine de la raison et de l'intelligence ; haine de la liberté ; haine de tous les livres au nom d'un seul ; haine de la vie ; haine de la sexualité, des femmes et du plaisir, etc. " La violence de la charge et son large écho auprès du public ont décidé Irène Fernandez à prendre la plume contre Michel Onfray. Mettant de côté les questions de croyance personnelle (qui relèvent de la liberté de chacun), en sa qualité de philosophe et de théologienne, elle pointe les nombreuses erreurs historiques et philosophiques qui émaillent ce livre, et fait ici la démonstration qu'il existe une incontournable alliance entre la foi et la raison. Elle relève le regard singulièrement passéiste que ce Traité d'athéologie véhicule sur la femme et, à Michel Onfray, qui ne semble pas l'avoir compris, elle explique clairement ce qu'est une religion. Car, pour Irène Fernandez, " il n'est pas question de laisser passer une pareille agression sans marquer le coup. "Tendre l'autre joue" est une maxime qui concerne les injures qui vous sont faites personnellement, et non celles qui visent, comme ici, l'honneur même de tous les croyants.

Religious studies --- Onfray, Michel --- Christianity and atheism. --- Atheism. --- Christianisme et athéisme --- Athéisme --- Onfray, Michel, --- Christianisme et athéisme --- Athéisme --- Acqui 2006

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CHRISTIANISME ET ATHEISME --- SIECLE DES LUMIERES --- MATERIALISME --- PHILOSOPHIE --- 18E SIECLE --- Religion --- Rationalism --- Skepticism --- Atheism --- Temporal power of religious rulers --- Pouvoir temporel des chefs religieux --- Controversial literature --- Moses --- Jesus Christ --- Muḥammad, --- Spinoza, Benedictus de, --- De tribus impostoribus

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Atheism and Christianity --- Athéisme et christianisme --- Christendom en atheïsme --- Christianisme et athéisme --- Christianity and atheism --- Esprit --- Geest --- Pneuma --- Pneumatologie (Filosofie) --- Pneumatologie (Philosophie) --- Pneumatologie (Theologie) --- Pneumatology (Philosophy) --- Pneumatology (Theology) --- Spirit --- Atheism --- History. --- More, Henry, --- Descartes, Ren♭, --- Influence. --- More, Henry --- Influence --- Descartes, René --- Descartes, René, --- Atheism - History. --- More, Henry, - 1614-1687. --- Descartes, René, - 1596-1650 - Influence. --- Descartes, René, - 1596-1650