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This methodological report examines the quality of anthropometric data from 52 DHS surveys conducted between 2005 and 2014. The analysis includes height, weight, and age measurements of children under five years of age as well as three nutritional status indices--height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ)--that follow WHO guidelines. The data quality indicators used to investigate the measurements include: standard deviation of z-scores; heaping of measures of height, weight, and age; and the percentage of extreme cases flagged during data processing. In addition, linear regressions of the z-scores were conducted to examine the amount of heterogeneity in z-scores that can be explained by covariates, including cluster-level variation. The findings identified surveys that have outperformed others in terms of anthropometric data quality along with surveys that have been deficient in data quality. Based on the results, recommendations were made that will improve the quality of anthropometric data in future surveys.

Anthropometry --- Data Accuracy --- Infant --- Child, Preschool --- Children --- Body size --- Body weight --- Proportion (Anthropometry)

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Amblyrhiza inundata --- Body size --- Extinct mammals --- Mammals --- Size --- Anguilla --- Saint Martin (West Indies)

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Demographic surveys --- Health surveys --- Children --- Body size --- Body weight --- Proportion (Anthropometry) --- Statistical methods. --- Anthropometry --- Growth

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Animal physiology. Animal biophysics --- Zoomorphology. Zooanatomy --- Animal locomotion. --- Body size. --- Animal locomotion --- Body size --- Animal size --- Animals --- Size of body --- Animal running --- Animal walking --- Running, Animal --- Walking, Animal --- Size --- Morphology (Animals) --- Somatotypes --- Anthropometry --- Animal mechanics --- Locomotion

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"The fascinating lives and puzzling demise of some of the largest animals on earth. Until a few thousand years ago, creatures that could have been from a sci-fi thriller--including gorilla-sized lemurs, 800-pound birds, crocodiles that weighed a ton or more--roamed the earth. These great beasts, or "megafauna," lived on every habitable continent and on many islands. With a handful of exceptions, all are now gone. What caused the disappearance of these prehistoric behemoths? No one event can be pinpointed as a specific cause, but several factors may have played a role. Paleomammologist Ross D.E. MacPhee explores them all, examining the leading extinction theories, weighing the evidence, and presenting his own conclusions. He shows how theories of human overhunting and catastrophic climate change fail to account for critical features of these extinctions, and how new thinking is needed to elucidate these mysterious losses. Along the way, we learn how time is determined in earth history; how DNA is used to explain the genomics and phylogenetic history of megafauna--and how synthetic biology and genetic engineering may be able to reintroduce these giants of the past. Until then, gorgeous four-color illustrations by Peter Schouten re-create these megabeasts here in vivid detail."--

Extinct animals --- Extinction (Biology) --- Animals --- Morphology (Animals) --- Body size --- Extinction, Biological --- Body Constitution --- Effect of human beings on