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"The experiments described in this monograph have been conducted jointly by the two authors. The authors regard the present experiments as preliminary in character, and a second scale for measuring attitude toward the church is now in process of construction. It is hoped that it will be relatively free from the defects we have found in the present experimental scale. The authors' main contribution is probably in the idea of using the equally-often-noticed difference or, preferably, the discriminal error as a unit of measurement for the objective description of attitude and opinion"--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
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Attitude (Psychology) --- Communication --- Social aspects. --- Attitude (Psychology).
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You believe that there is a paper document (or a computer screen) in front of you because it seems visually that way. I believe that I ate cereal for breakfast because I seem to remember eating it for breakfast. And we believe that torturing for fun is morally wrong and that 2+2=4 because those claims seem intuitively obvious . In each of these cases, it is natural to think that our beliefs are not only based on a seeming, but also that they are justifiably based on these seemings—at least assuming there is no relevant counterevidence. These considerations have prompted many to endorse some version of dogmatism or phenomenal conservatism. These views hold that, in the absence of defeaters, a seeming that P provides justification to believe P. The main difference is that dogmatism is restricted to some domain, often perception, and phenomenal conservatism is intended to apply to all seemings. Critics worry that such views are too permissive, in part because of their implications regarding cognitive penetration, and that they run into problems with traditional Bayesianism. Everyone in the debate is aiming for a clearer understanding of what seemings are and why they might have justificatory power. In addition to addressing each of these issues, this volume also addresses a wide range of related topics, including intuitions, the nature of perceptual content, access internalism, and the epistemology of testimony and disagreement.--
Knowledge, Theory of. --- Attitude (Psychology) --- Attitude (Psychology).
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Jews --- Attitude (Psychology) --- Prejudices