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Lisht, twenty miles south of Cairo, has been the site of excavations since its discovery in 1906, and since that time scholars at the Metropolitan Museum have published several volumes about this Middle Kingdom site. This new book in the series focuses on the architecture of the pyramid complex of King Amenemhat I, which was built on a foundation using Old Kingdom blocks. The publication brings together new information obtained from numerous expeditions and many years of research and analysis, and includes photographs from the original finding in the early 20th century as well as new, unpublished drawings of wall reliefs and inscriptions. Documenting an area of excavation in Egypt that has suffered recent damage and continues to be threatened, this book provides indispensable insight to students and scholars of Egyptian archaeology and architecture.

Pyramids --- Architecture, Ancient --- Amenemhet --- Tomb --- Lisht Site (Egypt) --- Egypt --- Antiquities --- Tombes --- Pyramides --- Architecture égyptienne --- Licht (Égypte ; site archéologique) --- Égypte --- Licht (Égypte ; site archéologique). --- Pyramide d'Amenemhat I. --- Amenemhat I --- Licht (Égypte) --- Pyramids - Egypt --- Architecture, Ancient - Egypt --- Amenemhet - I, - King of Egypt, - -1962 B.C. - Tomb --- Egypt - Antiquities --- Amenemhet - I, - King of Egypt, - -1962 B.C.

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In der ägyptischen Tempelarchitektur finden sich für die Wasserableitung neben schmucklosen Steinblöcken auch figürlich ausgearbeitete Wasserspeier, die durchweg als rundplastische Löwen gestaltet sind. Anders als aus Griechenland, Rom oder von zahlreichen mittelalterlichen Kirchen und Kathedralen bekannt, speien die ägyptischen Exemplare das Wasser jedoch nicht aus dem Maul, sondern leiten es durch eine zwischen den vorgestreckten Pranken angebrachte Rinne ab. Bettina Ventker untersucht in ihrer Studie Der Starke auf dem Dach den Sinngehalt dieser Architekturelemente, der sich keineswegs wie gemeinhin angenommen in der Übel abwehrenden Funktion des Löwen erschöpft. Der Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung liegt dabei auf den dekorierten Löwen-Wasserspeiern der griechisch-römischen Zeit, deren Inschriften Aufschluss über die ihnen zugrunde liegenden Vorstellungen geben und so den wesentlichen Zugang zum Verständnis ermöglichen. Auf Grundlage der in Transliteration und Übersetzung vorgelegten Texte kann erstmals ein umfassendes Bild von der Funktion und Bedeutung der Motivwahl des Löwen gezeichnet werden. Obwohl löwengestaltige Wasserspeier für die gesamte ägyptische Geschichte im Tempelbau belegt sind, wurden sie in der Fachliteratur bislang nur unzureichend berücksichtigt. Um diese Forschungslücke zu schließen, legt Ventker zudem einen Gesamtüberblick über die Konstruktion und Gestaltung der Löwen-Wasserspeier vom Alten Reich bis in die griechisch-römische Zeit vor.

Lion --- Décoration architecturale --- Gargouilles (architecture) --- Dans l'art --- Architecture, Ancient --- Decoration and ornament, Architectural --- Gargoyles --- Lion in art --- Religious architecture --- Temples --- Architecture --- Grotesque in architecture --- Architectural decoration and ornament --- Stonework, Decorative --- Architectural design --- Exterior walls --- Spiritual architecture --- Lions in art --- Details --- Decoration and ornament --- Dans l'art. --- Gargoyles - Egypt --- Architecture, Ancient - Egypt --- Religious architecture - Egypt --- Temples - Egypt --- Decoration and ornament, Architectural - Egypt

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Architecture, Ancient --- Building, Stone --- Architecture antique --- Construction en pierre --- History. --- Histoire --- Egypt --- Egypte --- Civilization --- Kings and rulers --- Civilisation --- Rois et souverains --- Building --- Histoire de l'architecture --- Histoire de la construction --- Palais --- Pyramide --- Temple --- History --- Antiquities --- Architectural engineering --- Buildings --- Construction --- Construction science --- Engineering, Architectural --- Structural design --- Structural engineering --- Architecture --- Construction industry --- Stone building --- Stone construction --- Design and construction --- Antiquities. --- Antiquité égyptienne --- Bâtiment en pyramide --- Building - Egypt - History - To 1500 --- Architecture, Ancient - Egypt --- Egypt - Antiquities

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The study of the semiotics of palaces in the Ancient Near East and Ancient Egypt provides the historian with diverse information as size and type of architecture demonstrate the kind of representation chosen by rulers towards their world. Some features were adopted from temples in order to stage the appearance of the ruler like a divine epiphany. Some further integrate a temple within the palace, showcasing the desire of the ruler to live with a specific deity under one roof for divine support and protection. The importance of this ruler can also be reflected by the size of the throne room and the number of columns, showing as well a hierarchy in the use of space within the whole building complex and its different units. For instance, the presence of a rather intimate throne room or a second small throne room points to space for confidential exchange between the ruler and his visitors. The capacity of storerooms additionally gives us insight into the economic power standing behind the palace. The comparison of different elements between palatial and domestic architecture also proves helpful in identifying the origins of particular components. Exploration of such semiotics was initiated with the publication of the first palace volume in 2018 following a conference held in London 2013. The present volume stands in direct continuation and is the result of a second palace conference that took place at the 10th ICAANE 2016 in Vienna. Besides introducing other palaces in Egypt and Nubia, this volume is dedicated primarily to Near Eastern palaces which are presented and studied by prominent experts in this field.

Palaces --- Architecture, Ancient --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Egypt --- Middle East --- Antiquities. --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Archaeology --- Buildings --- Conferences - Meetings --- Antiquities --- Palaces - Middle East - Congresses --- Palaces - Egypt - Congresses --- Architecture, Ancient - Middle East - Congresses --- Architecture, Ancient - Egypt - Congresses --- Excavations (Archaeology) - Middle East - Congresses --- Excavations (Archaeology) - Egypt - Congresses --- Egypt - Antiquities --- Middle East - Antiquities --- Architecture antique --- Architecture, Ancient. --- Excavations (Archaeology). --- Palaces. --- Egypt. --- Middle East. --- Ancient Egypt (region). --- Middle East (general region).

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Collections of scenes and texts designated variously as the "Book of the Earth," "Creation of the Solar Disc," and "Book of Aker" were inscribed on the walls of royal sarcophagus chambers throughout Egypt's Ramessid period (Dynasties 19-20). This material illustrated discrete episodes from the nocturnal voyage of the sun god, which functioned as a model for the resurrection of the deceased king. These earliest "Books of the Earth" employed mostly ad hoc arrangements of scenes, united by shared elements of iconography, an overarching, bipartite symmetry of composition, and their frequent pairing with representations of the double sky overhead. From the Twenty-First Dynasty and later, selections of programmatic tableaux were adapted for use in private mortuary contexts, often in conjunction with innovative or previously unattested annotations. The present study collects and analyzes all currently known Book of the Earth material, including discussions of iconography, grammar, orthography, and architectural setting.

Architecture, Ancient --- Egyptian language --- Funeral rites and ceremonies --- Tombs --- Egyptian literature --- Égyptien ancien (langue) --- Architecture égyptienne --- Rites et cérémonies funéraires égyptiens --- Inscriptions égyptiennes --- 1200 av. J.-C.-1085 av. J.-C. --- Religious literature --- Funerary texts --- Egypt --- Egypte antique --- History --- Religion --- Afroasiatic languages --- Mastabas --- Funerals --- Mortuary ceremonies --- Obsequies --- Manners and customs --- Rites and ceremonies --- Burial --- Cremation --- Cryomation --- Dead --- Mourning customs --- Religion. --- Funeral rites and ceremonies - Egypt - Sources --- Architecture, Ancient - Egypt --- Tombs - Egypt. --- Egyptian literature - Religious literature --- Egypt - Religion --- Egypt - History - Twentieth dynasty, 1200-ca. 1070 B.C.