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[2e éd.] La question des inégalités est au coeur de la vie politique française. On a dit et écrit tout et son contraire sur ce sujet. La somme proposée ici sera, sans conteste, l'ouvrage de référence sur la question. Ce livre dresse le tableau d'un siècle d'inégalités. Il montre que, contrairement à une idée reçue, l'inégalité des salaires et restée sensiblement la même en France tout au long du XXème siècle : le pouvoir d'achat a été multiplié par 5, mais la hiérarchie n'a pratiquement pas changé. L'inégalité totale des revenus a fortement diminué au cours des années 1914-1945, mais cette baisse est due pour l'essentiel aux chocs subis par les revenus du capital (destructions, inflation, crise des années 1930), et non pas à un processus économique « naturel ». La concentration des fortunes et des revenus du capital n'a par la suite jamais retrouvé le niveau astronomique qui était le sien à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale, ce qui semble s'expliquer par l'impact de l'impôt progressif sur l'accumulation et la reconstitution de patrimoines importants. En l'absence de ces chocs et de l'impôt progressif, il est probable que la France n'aurait pas quitté de sitôt le sommet inégalitaire du début du siècle. Thomas Piketty, qui se fonde notamment sur une exploitation systématique de sources fiscales permettant de couvrir l'ensemble du siècle (déclarations de revenus, de salaires et de successions), analyse également comment les perceptions de ces inégalités ont évolué de 1901 à 1998 (« fin des rentiers », « montée des cadres », etc..). La question des inégalités apparaît alors comme une véritable grille de lecture de l'histoire générale de la France au XXème siècle.
Income --- anno 1900-1999 --- France --- Income distribution --- Taxation --- Revenu --- Impôts --- History --- Histoire --- Répartition --- Income tax --- Equality --- 338 <09> <44> --- -Income distribution --- -Personal income tax --- Taxable income --- Taxation of income --- Direct taxation --- Internal revenue --- Progressive taxation --- Tithes --- Wages --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- Family income --- Fortunes --- Household income --- Personal income --- Economics --- Finance --- Property --- Wealth --- Gross national product --- Profit --- Purchasing power --- Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- -History --- -Taxation --- 338 <09> <44> Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- -Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- -338 <09> <44> --- -Income --- Impôts --- Répartition --- Economic History - Wages - Fiscality. --- Personal income tax --- Income distribution - France - History - 20th century --- Income tax - France - History - 20th century --- Income - France - History - 20th century --- Equality - France - History - 20th century
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History of France --- anno 1500-1799 --- Monetary policy --- History --- France --- Economic policy --- 338 <09> <44> --- -Monetary management --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- -History. --- Economic policy. --- -Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- 338 <09> <44> Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Frankrig --- Francja --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Prantsusmaa --- Francia (Republic) --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Fa-kuo --- Faguo --- Франция --- French Republic --- République française --- Peurancih --- Frankryk --- Franse Republiek --- Francland --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- فرنسا --- Faransā --- Franza --- Republica Franzesa --- Gallia (Republic) --- Hyãsia --- Phransiya --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Францыя --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Parancis --- Pransya --- Franis --- Francuska --- Republika Francuska --- Bro-C'hall --- Френска република --- Frenska republika --- França --- República Francesa --- Pransiya --- Republikang Pranses --- Γαλλία --- Gallia --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- فرانسه --- Farānsah --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- פראנקרייך --- 法国 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- フランス --- Furansu --- フランス共和国 --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Francija --- Ranska --- Frankrike --- Monetary management --- Monetary policy - France - History --- France - Economic policy --- Monnaie --- Conditions economiques --- 16e-18e siecles --- Circulation
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Agriculture --- -Religious aspects --- -Cistercians --- -History --- France --- Church history --- 271.12 <44> --- 338 <09> <44> --- -Monasticism and religious orders --- -Monachism --- Monastic orders --- Monasticism and religious orders for men --- Monasticism and religious orders of men --- Orders, Monastic --- Religious orders --- Brotherhoods --- Christian communities --- Brothers (Religious) --- Friars --- Monks --- Superiors, Religious --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Cisterciënzers. Bernardijnen--Frankrijk --- Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- Religious aspects --- -Zisterzienser --- White Monks --- Bernardines (Cistercian) --- Order of Cîteaux --- Cîteaux, Order of --- S. Ordo Cisterciensis --- Sacer Ordo Cisterciensis --- Ordo Cisterciensis --- Cisztercita Szerzetes --- Cisterciensi --- Řád cisterciáků --- Cisterciácký řád --- Cisterciens --- Trappists --- History --- France, Southern --- -Midi (France) --- Occitania (France) --- Occitanie (France) --- South of France (France) --- Southern France --- -Cisterciënzers. Bernardijnen--Frankrijk --- -Church history --- 338 <09> <44> Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- 271.12 <44> Cisterciënzers. Bernardijnen--Frankrijk --- Monasticism and religious orders --- Monachism --- Orders, Religious --- Cistercians --- Zisterzienser --- History. --- Midi (France) --- Church history. --- Méditerranéen (France) --- Agriculture - - Religious aspects - - France --- France - Church history --- Moyen age --- Histoire --- -France
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Agriculture --- History --- Social aspects --- Histoire --- Aspect social --- Chartier family --- Chartier (Famille) --- Family farms --- Case studies. --- Economic aspects --- 316.356.2 --- 63 <44> --- 338 <09> <44> --- -Family farms --- -#SBIB:316.356.2H1130 --- Farms --- Farms, Small --- Private plot agriculture --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Gezinssociologie --- Agriculture and related sciences and techniques. Forestry. Farming. Wildlife exploitation--Frankrijk --- Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- -History --- -Case studies --- Hedendaagse gezinsstudies: algemeen --- 338 <09> <44> Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- 63 <44> Agriculture and related sciences and techniques. Forestry. Farming. Wildlife exploitation--Frankrijk --- 316.356.2 Gezinssociologie --- #SBIB:316.356.2H1130 --- Economic aspects&delete& --- History&delete& --- Case studies --- Family farms - France - History - Case studies. --- Agriculture - Economic aspects - France - History - Case studies. --- AGRICULTURE --- FRANCE --- HISTOIRE --- 16E-17E SIECLES --- 18E-19E SIECLES --- CONDITIONS SOCIALES --- 17E-20E SIECLES --- 17E-19E SIECLES
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Money market. Capital market --- anno 1800-1899 --- France --- Capital market --- Marché financier --- History --- Histoire --- Bourse de Paris --- History. --- Paris (France) --- Economic conditions --- Conditions économiques --- Stock exchanges --- 336.76 (44) --- 338 <09> <44> --- Beurswezen. Geldmarkt. Valutamarkt. Binnenlandse geldmarkt. Valutamarkt--Frankrijk --- Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- 338 <09> <44> Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- 336.76 (44) Beurswezen. Geldmarkt. Valutamarkt. Binnenlandse geldmarkt. Valutamarkt--Frankrijk --- Marché financier --- Conditions économiques --- Bulls and bears --- Commercial corners --- Corners, Commercial --- Equity markets --- Exchanges, Securities --- Exchanges, Stock --- Securities exchanges --- Stock-exchange --- Stock markets --- Efficient market theory --- Speculation --- Paris. --- Parijs (France) --- Pařiž (France) --- Parizh (France) --- Parigi (France) --- Bārīs (France) --- Lutetia (France) --- Paryż (France) --- Lutèce (France) --- Párizs (France) --- Parisioi (France) --- Parisi (France) --- Parys (France) --- باريس (France) --- Parij (France) --- Parĩ (France) --- Pa-lí (France) --- Париж (France) --- Горад Парыж (France) --- Horad Paryz︠h︡ (France) --- Парыж (France) --- Paryz︠h︡ (France) --- Парис (France) --- Parighji (France) --- Pariggi (France) --- Pariis (France) --- Παρίσι (France) --- Париж ош (France) --- Parizh osh (France) --- Parizo (France) --- Páras (France) --- Paarys (France) --- Pâ-lì-sṳ (France) --- 파리 (France) --- Palika (France) --- פריז (France) --- Seine (France) --- Bali (France) --- 巴黎 (France) --- Paris --- City of Paris --- Stock exchanges - France - Paris - History - 19th century --- France - Economic conditions - 19th century --- Paris (France) - Economic conditions - 19th century --- Paris (France) - History - 1789-1900
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Money. Monetary policy --- International finance --- anno 1800-1899 --- Bimetallism --- International liquidity --- Currency convertibility --- Gold standard --- Monetary policy --- History --- 336.743 <44> --- 339.73 <44> --- 338 <09> <44> --- AA / International- internationaal --- FR / France - Frankrijk --- 333.420.0 --- 333.421.4 --- 333.421.1 --- -Bimetallism --- -International finance --- -International liquidity --- -Currency convertibility --- -Gold standard --- -Monetary policy --- -332.423094409034 --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Exchange standard, Gold --- Gold exchange standard --- Standard, Gold --- Currency question --- Gold --- Money --- Convertibility of currency --- Foreign exchange --- Balance of payments --- Liquidity (Economics) --- International monetary system --- International money --- Finance --- International economic relations --- International bimetallism --- Coinage --- Silver question --- Muntstandaard. Gouden standaard. Zilveren standaard. Bimetallisme--Frankrijk --- Organisatie van internationaal betalingsverkeer. Bretton woods.--Frankrijk --- Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- Theorieën in verband met de keuze van de geldstandaard. Currency substitution. Foreign currency deposits. --- Gold exchange standard. --- Gouden standaard. --- -History --- -336.743 <44> --- 338 <09> <44> Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- 339.73 <44> Organisatie van internationaal betalingsverkeer. Bretton woods.--Frankrijk --- 336.743 <44> Muntstandaard. Gouden standaard. Zilveren standaard. Bimetallisme--Frankrijk --- -Money. Monetary policy --- 332.423094409034 --- Theorieën in verband met de keuze van de geldstandaard. Currency substitution. Foreign currency deposits --- Gouden standaard --- Bimetallism - History - 19th century --- Bimetallism - France - History - 19th century --- International finance - History - 19th century --- International liquidity - History - 19th century --- Currency convertibility - History - 19th century --- Gold standard - History - 19th century --- Monetary policy - France - History - 19th century
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338 <09> <44> --- 017.2 <44> --- Notaries --- -Notaries --- Notaries public --- Notary publics --- Justices of the peace --- Non-contentious jurisdiction --- Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- Catalogi van persoonsbibliotheken--Frankrijk --- History --- -Sources --- -Bibliography --- -Catalogs --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Archives nationales (France) --- -Minutier central des notaires de Paris --- -Minutier des notaires parisiens --- Archives nationales (France). --- Archives de France --- Archives de l'Empire (France) --- Direction des archives de France. --- France. --- Direction des archives de France --- Catalogs --- Paris (France) --- -Paris (France) --- -Economic conditions --- Genealogy --- Sources --- Bibliography --- Catalogs. --- Minutier central des notaires de Paris --- Economic conditions --- -Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- 017.2 <44> Catalogi van persoonsbibliotheken--Frankrijk --- 338 <09> <44> Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- -Parijs (France) --- Pařiž (France) --- Parizh (France) --- Parigi (France) --- Bārīs (France) --- Lutetia (France) --- Paryż (France) --- Lutèce (France) --- Párizs (France) --- Parisioi (France) --- Parisi (France) --- Parys (France) --- باريس (France) --- Parij (France) --- Parĩ (France) --- Pa-lí (France) --- Париж (France) --- Горад Парыж (France) --- Horad Paryz︠h︡ (France) --- Парыж (France) --- Paryz︠h︡ (France) --- Парис (France) --- Parighji (France) --- Pariggi (France) --- Pariis (France) --- Παρίσι (France) --- Париж ош (France) --- Parizh osh (France) --- Parizo (France) --- Páras (France) --- Paarys (France) --- Pâ-lì-sṳ (France) --- 파리 (France) --- Palika (France) --- פריז (France) --- Seine (France) --- Paris. Archives nationales. Archives notariales. Etats de biens. 1483-(Inventaire) --- Parijs. Archives nationales. Notarieel archief. Staten van goed. 1483-(Inventaris) --- Bali (France) --- 巴黎 (France) --- Paris --- City of Paris --- -Seine (France) --- Parijs (France) --- -Archives de France --- Minutier des notaires parisiens --- -History
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Szostak develops a model that establishes causal links between transportation and industrialization and shows how improvements in transportation could have a beneficial effect on an economy such as that of eighteenth-century England. This model shows the Industrial Revolution to involve four primary phenomena: increased regional specialization, the emergence of new industries, an expanding scale of production, and an accelerated rate of technological innovation. Through detailed analysis, Szostak explicates the effects of the different systems of transportation in France and England on the four components of the Industrial Revolution. He outlines the development in late eighteenth-century England of a reliable system of all-weather transportation, made up of turnpike roads and canals, that was far superior to the system in France at the same period. He goes on to examine in detail the iron, textile, and pottery industries in each country, focusing on the effect of the quality of available transportation on the decisions of individual entrepreneurs and innovators. Szostak shows that in every case these industries were more highly developed in England than in France.
History of the United Kingdom and Ireland --- History of France --- Transport. Traffic --- anno 1700-1799 --- 338 <09> <44> --- 338 <09> <420> --- 656 --- Transportation --- -Transportation --- -Industrial revolution --- -Revolution, Industrial --- Economic history --- Social history --- Public transportation --- Transport --- Transportation, Primitive --- Transportation companies --- Transportation industry --- Locomotion --- Commerce --- Communication and traffic --- Storage and moving trade --- Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- Economische geschiedenis--Engeland --- Transport and postal services. Traffic organization and control --- History --- -History --- -Economic aspects --- England --- -France --- -England --- -Industries --- -Economic conditions --- -338 <09> <44> --- -Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- 656 Transport and postal services. Traffic organization and control --- 338 <09> <420> Economische geschiedenis--Engeland --- 338 <09> <44> Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- -History of the United Kingdom and Ireland --- -656 Transport and postal services. Traffic organization and control --- Revolution, Industrial --- -Angleterre --- Anglii︠a︡ --- Inghilterra --- Engeland --- Inglaterra --- Anglija --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Frankrig --- Francja --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Prantsusmaa --- Francia (Republic) --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Fa-kuo --- Faguo --- Франция --- French Republic --- République française --- Peurancih --- Frankryk --- Franse Republiek --- Francland --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- فرنسا --- Faransā --- Franza --- Republica Franzesa --- Gallia (Republic) --- Hyãsia --- Phransiya --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Францыя --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Parancis --- Pransya --- Franis --- Francuska --- Republika Francuska --- Bro-C'hall --- Френска република --- Frenska republika --- França --- República Francesa --- Pransiya --- Republikang Pranses --- Γαλλία --- Gallia --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- فرانسه --- Farānsah --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- פראנקרייך --- 法国 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- フランス --- Furansu --- フランス共和国 --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Francija --- Ranska --- Frankrike --- Industries --- Industrial revolution --- Economic aspects --- France --- Economic conditions --- Metal trade --- Textile industry --- E-books --- Textile industry and fabrics --- Textiles industry --- Manufacturing industries --- Metal industries --- 656 Transport en postdiensten. Verkeersorganisatie en controle --- Transport en postdiensten. Verkeersorganisatie en controle --- Industrie --- Révolution industrielle --- Conditions économiques
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Dans le rapport de force entre la France et la Suisse durant la seconde guerre mondiale puis la phase de reconstruction, c’est surtout la Confédération helvétique qui impose ses points de vue, alors qu'apparemment elle ne joue pas dans la ligue des grandes nations. L’ouvrage décrit les relations de profit entre les deux pays durant la guerre, l’histoire politique de la France d’après-guerre, les raisons du triomphe international de la place financière suisse, et les dessous des mouvements de capitaux et des biens industriels. On voit la Suisse exploiter une position dominante dans le secteur financier pour faire triompher ses desseins. Le livre met en lumière le rôle joué par l’évasion des capitaux français vers la Suisse, la dépendance structurelle de la France à l’égard de l’industrie helvétique, ou encore la capacité de la Suisse à utiliser la France pour s'intégrer dans le camp atlantique. La place financière helvétique doit son essor international aux capitaux français.
France --- Switzerland --- Suisse --- Foreign economic relations --- Commerce --- History --- Relations économiques extérieures --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Economic aspects --- FR / France - Frankrijk --- CH / Switzerland - Zwitserland - Suisse --- 333.107 --- 336.208 --- 343.35 --- 382.50 --- 336.2 <44> --- 336.2 <494> --- 338 <09> <494> --- 338 <09> <44> --- Bankgeheim. --- Grondslag, vereffening, inning en controle van de belastingen. Fiscale fraude. Zwartwerk. Parallelle economie. --- Misdrijven tegen de openbare administratie, de belasting- en administratieve wetgeving. --- Internationale handelsbetrekkingen: algemeenheden. --- Belastingsakkoorden. Belastingswezen--Frankrijk --- Belastingen. Belastingswezen. Openbare financien. Belastingspolitiek. Belastingstheorie. Belastingsharmonisatie. Fiskale politiek. Belastingsleer. Belastingsdruk. Belastingstechniek. Belastingsstelsel.Belastingstarief--Zwitserland --- Economische geschiedenis--Zwitserland --- Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- 338 <09> <44> Economische geschiedenis--Frankrijk --- 338 <09> <494> Economische geschiedenis--Zwitserland --- 336.2 <44> Belastingen. Belastingswezen. Openbare financien. Belastingspolitiek. Belastingstheorie. Belastingsharmonisatie. Fiskale politiek. Belastingsleer. Belastingsdruk. Belastingstechniek. Belastingsstelsel.Belastingstarief--Frankrijk --- 336.2 <44> Belastingsakkoorden. Belastingswezen--Frankrijk --- Belastingen. Belastingswezen. Openbare financien. Belastingspolitiek. Belastingstheorie. Belastingsharmonisatie. Fiskale politiek. Belastingsleer. Belastingsdruk. Belastingstechniek. Belastingsstelsel.Belastingstarief--Frankrijk --- Relations économiques extérieures --- Bankgeheim --- Grondslag, vereffening, inning en controle van de belastingen. Fiscale fraude. Zwartwerk. Parallelle economie --- Misdrijven tegen de openbare administratie, de belasting- en administratieve wetgeving --- Internationale handelsbetrekkingen: algemeenheden --- Zvicra --- Confédération suisse --- Eidgenossenschaft (Swiss Confederation) --- Everlasting League --- Four Forest Cantons --- Helvetic Confederation --- Lega elvetica --- Schweiz --- Svizzera --- Helvetia --- Confédération de huit cantons --- Confederatio Helvetica --- Zwitserland --- Shveytsʻaria --- Suiza --- Vier Waldstätte --- Swiss Confederation --- Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft --- Shveĭt︠s︡arii︠a︡ --- Sŭwisŭ --- Shṿaits --- Schweizerische Eidtgenossenschaft --- Confederazione svizzera --- Swisserland --- Sviṭzaralaiṇḍa --- Confederaziun svizra --- Svizra --- CH (Switzerland) --- Sveitsi --- スイス --- Suisu --- Helvetic Republic --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Frankrig --- Francja --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Prantsusmaa --- Francia (Republic) --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Fa-kuo --- Faguo --- Франция --- French Republic --- République française --- Peurancih --- Frankryk --- Franse Republiek --- Francland --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- فرنسا --- Faransā --- Franza --- Republica Franzesa --- Gallia (Republic) --- Hyãsia --- Phransiya --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Францыя --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Parancis --- Pransya --- Franis --- Francuska --- Republika Francuska --- Bro-C'hall --- Френска република --- Frenska republika --- França --- República Francesa --- Pransiya --- Republikang Pranses --- Γαλλία --- Gallia --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- فرانسه --- Farānsah --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- פראנקרייך --- 法国 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- フランス --- Furansu --- フランス共和国 --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Francija --- Ranska --- Frankrike --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946) --- Fa-lan-hsi --- Falanxi --- Frankrijk --- Frant︠s︡ --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Франц --- Франц Улс --- 法蘭西 --- 프랑스 --- World War, 1939-1945 - Economic aspects - Switzerland --- World War, 1939-1945 - Economic aspects - France --- France - History - German occupation, 1940-1945 --- Switzerland - Foreign economic relations - France --- France - Commerce - Switzerland - History - 20th century --- Switzerland - Commerce - France - History - 20th century --- France - Foreign economic relations - Switzerland --- Finances internationales --- Guerre mondiale (1939-1945) --- 1945-1970 --- Aspect économique --- 20e siècle
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