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"Why do people come to reject climate science or the safety and efficacy of vaccines, in defiance of the scientific consensus? A popular view explains bad beliefs like these as resulting from a range of biases that together ensure that human beings fall short of being genuinely rational animals. This book presents an alternative account. It argues that bad beliefs arise from genuinely rational processes. We've missed the rationality of bad beliefs because we've failed to recognize the ubiquity of the higher-order evidence that shapes beliefs, and the rationality of being guided by this evidence. The book argues that attention to higher-order evidence should lead us to rethink both how minds are best changed and the ethics of changing them: we should come to see that nudging - at least usually - changes belief (and behavior) by presenting rational agents with genuine evidence, and is therefore fully respectful of intellectual agency. We needn't rethink Enlightenment ideals of intellectual autonomy and rationality, but we should reshape them to take account of our deeply social epistemic agency"-- Provided by publisher.

Human behavior.

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Human behavior.

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"This book is a response to the desire of teachers for a text which will present a more comprehensive treatment of behavioral measurement techniques and procedures than is available in any single volume hitherto published. It has been planned to serve the needs of those students in the second, third, and fourth years of college who are preparing for work in medicine, journalism, education, industrial relations, social work, or applied psychology-students who, as a rule, cannot take time to read many original sources, even when they are available. The book is arranged in three parts. All of Part I, which deals with basic considerations in measurement, must be understood by those who wish to study the rest of the book. Most of the chapters in Part II , which deals with typical measuring instruments and their uses, and in Part III, which deals with persistent problems in measurement, may be read separately without serious loss of context. In a short course, such chapters should be selected as seem best adapted to satisfy the interests and needs of the particular students enrolled"--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).

Human behavior.

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"This book aims to bring together psychology and living. Many years of teaching psychology and wide contact with business have impressed upon me the inadequacy of our knowledge of psychology in relation to vital problems of human behavior on the one hand, and the omnipresence of psychological problems on the other. This book endeavors to consider more fully the vital problems of human behavior than the average introductory text. It aims to deal with situations that matter to us, with basic problems around which the world of human affairs revolves. It is designed to deal with problems connected with making a living, with establishing and maintaining family life, with behavior in business operations, with influencing people in the mass, and finally with the art of effective, satisfying living. This book is not designed to be a supplementary text or a text on applied psychology. It is designed to be a first book in psychology for use in introductory courses in colleges and universities. It comprises much material not found in current texts in addition to what I and the collaborating authors believe to be the essential scientific material for an introductory book. Problems, cases, illustrations, and settings are taken, as far as possible, from everyday affairs"--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved).

Human behavior.

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"The topics that are to be treated in this book were unduly neglected by psychology for many years but are now beginning to come to the fore. My own researches into attention and exploratory behavior began in 1947, and at about the same time several other psychologists became independently impressed with the importance of these matters and started to study them experimentally. It is interesting that those were also the years when information theory was making its appearance and when the reticular formation of the brain stem was first attracting the notice of neurophysiologists. During the last ten years, the tempo of research into exploratory behavior and related phenomena has been steadily quickening. The book is prompted by the feeling that it is now time to pause and take stock: to review relevant data contributed by several different specialties, to consider what conclusions, whether firm or tentative, are justified at the present juncture, and to clarify what remains to be done. The primary aim of the book is, in fact, to raise problems. The book is intended as a contribution to behavior theory, i.e., to psychology conceived as a branch of science with the circumscribed objective of explaining and predicting behavior. But interest in attention and exploratory behavior and in other topics indissociably bound up with them, such as art, humor and thinking, has by no means been confined to professional psychologists. The book has two features that would have surprised me when I first set out to plan it. One is that it ends up sketching a highly modified form of drive-reduction theory. Drive-reduction theory has appeared more and more to be full of shortcomings, even for the phenomena that it was originally designed to handle. The second surprising feature is the prominence of neurophysiology." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved).

Human behavior.