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Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes), also known as vape devices or by trade names such as JUUL, are handheld devices that aerosolize liquid commonly containing nicotine, humectants and flavorings. Used by 1 in 5 high school students in 2020, they are the most common tobacco product used by youth. E-cigarette use has been associated with a variety of health issues such as nicotine addiction, e-cigarette or vaping associated lung illness (EVALI), seizures, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This first-of-its-kind book begins with an introduction and background on the historical context of tobacco products. The next chapters provide an overview of the e-cigarette landscape and reviews the e-cigarette devices and solutions and the evolution of these products. This is followed by reviews of the health effects of e-cigarettes on users and non-users and includes recommendations for prevention and treatment of youth e-cigarette use. The last few chapters address the public health impact of e-cigarettes with a review of the evidence of e-cigarettes in smoking cessation. The book closes with policy and advocacy approaches and a resource page. E-cigarette and vape device use pose a public health crisis. This book contains succinct practical information and is a key reference for pediatricians as well as clinicians of all specialities. It also serves as a resource for health professionals, including tobacco dependence treatment providers and public health experts.

Pediatrics. --- Respiratory organs—Diseases. --- Pneumology/Respiratory System. --- Paediatrics --- Pediatric medicine --- Medicine --- Children --- Diseases --- Health and hygiene --- Electronic cigarettes. --- Teenagers --- Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems. --- Vaping. --- Adolescent. --- Child. --- Tobacco use. --- E-Cigarettes --- E-Cigs --- E-Cig --- E-Cigarette --- Electronic Cigarette --- Electronic Cigarettes --- Electronic Nicotine Delivery System --- Cigarette, Electronic --- Cigarettes, Electronic --- E Cig --- E Cigarette --- E Cigarettes --- E Cigs --- Adolescents --- Teen-agers --- Teens --- Young adults (Teenagers) --- Youth --- E-cigarettes --- Electronic nicotine delivery systems --- Cigarettes --- E-Cig Use --- E-Cigarette Use --- Electronic Cigarette Use --- Vape --- ECig Use --- Ecigarette Use --- Nicotine Vaping --- THC Vaping --- Cigarette Use, Electronic --- E Cig Use --- E Cigarette Use --- E-Cig Uses --- E-Cigarette Uses --- ECig Uses --- Ecigarette Uses --- Electronic Cigarette Uses --- Nicotine Vapings --- THC Vapings --- Use, E-Cig --- Use, E-Cigarette --- Use, ECig --- Use, Ecigarette --- Use, Electronic Cigarette --- Uses, Ecigarette --- Vapes --- Vaping, Nicotine --- Vaping, THC --- Vapings, Nicotine --- Vapings, THC --- E-Cigarette Vapor --- Minors --- Adolescents, Female --- Adolescents, Male --- Adolescence --- Adolescent, Female --- Adolescent, Male --- Female Adolescent --- Female Adolescents --- Male Adolescent --- Male Adolescents --- Teen --- Teenager --- Youths --- Electronic cigarettes --- Health aspects. --- Cigarretes electròniques --- Pipes per a tabac --- Fumadors --- Hàbit de fumar --- Addicció al tabac --- Consum de tabac --- Tabaquisme --- Abús de substàncies --- Conducta compulsiva --- Hàbit --- Cigarretes --- Hàbit de fumar en l'embaràs --- Tabac --- Persones --- Joves --- Adolescents maltractats --- Noies adolescents --- Nois adolescents --- Migrants adolescents --- Infants --- Psicoteràpia dels adolescents --- Psiquiatria de l'adolescència --- Cigarreta electrònica --- E-cigarretes

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This report highlights the growth in support for financial instruments for seed and early stage firms across OECD member countries. These instruments include grants, loans and guarantee schemes, tax incentives and equity funds. This increased support is linked to the recent financial crisis and the growing concern about young firms’ access to finance. The paper notes that framework conditions play an important role in access to finance and must be taken into consideration as a significant part of the policy mix. Demand-side policies to develop entrepreneurial and investment talent and networks are also critical. The role of evaluation and the need to better link policy objectives and outcomes are also discussed.

Finance and Investment --- Science and Technology

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Presents leading work from around the world on non-grass monocotyledons and includes reviews and current research into their comparative biology, phylogeny and classification.

Monocotyledons -- Anatomy. --- Monocotyledons -- Classification. --- Monocotyledons -- Congresses. --- Monocotyledons -- Reproduction. --- Monocotyledons --- Liliopsida --- Monocots --- Monocotyledonae --- Monocotyledoneae --- Monocotyledones --- Monocotyls --- Angiosperms --- #WPLT:syst

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This paper summarizes the characteristics of the System of National Accounts as outlined in SNA93. It outlines the elements of infrastructure used to build the accounts and then describes the flow of accounts and supply and use framework used to construct integrated macro economic statistics. Three countries are then compared in the use of this standard; Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. Each of the three countries uses the Supply and Use framework (variant of Input Output tables) as the key integrating tool for building the system of accounts and GDP benchmarks are determined using the "production" approach inherent in the Supply and Use framework. In Australia and United Kingdom, the supply and use framework is used to balance and benchmark the flow of accounts up to and including the measures of net lending/borrowing across the institutional sectors of the economy. In Canada the supply and use framework is used to determine the level of GDP but not all of the components of the flow of accounts are benchmarked to it, leaving statistical discrepancies between incomes and final expenditures and net lending/borrowing across sectors. This allows Canada to track the statistical system which provides independent estimates form establishment or kind of activity unit data (industry statistics) and institutional unit (savings and investment decision unit -- enterprise in the case of businesses) data used to build accounts by institutional sector. In particular, it allows coherence and coverage analysis of the data system. In all three countries, the financial accounts and balance sheets are integrated with the flow of accounts. Statistical discrepancies are shown in all countries between net lending/borrowing and net financial investment by institutional sector. None of the three countries publishes regular "other volume changes in assets" accounts although all recognize it as a part of the system which is more and more important to explaining wealth changes. Finally the paper ends with some summary comparisons of the three countries' systems of accounts and recognizes that while they all follow international standards to high degree, differences still exist which may or may not effect international comparability. International coordination is the key to making the standard meet this purpose. The United Kingdom system, as an example of the European system, best meets the standard for international comparison purposes.

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Paediatrics --- Human medicine --- geneeskunde --- pediatrie