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Zonder onderwerpscode: wereldeconomie, ontwikkelingsproblematiek

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Zonder onderwerpscode: wereldeconomie, ontwikkelingsproblematiek

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All interested parties seem to agree that it is important to be able to monitor public sector performance at the sectoral level, but most current work based on multi-country databases does not lend itself to country-specific conclusions. This is due to a large extent to major data limitations both on sectoral expenditures and on sectoral outcomes. This paper discusses the related issues and shows what we can do with the current data inspite of the drastic limitations. The main conclusions of the paper are that any efforts to assess country-specific performances in relative terms are likely to be difficult in view of the data problems. A rough sense of performance across sectors can be estimated for groups of countries, allowing some modest benchmarking exercises. These estimates show that low-income countries generally lag significantly behind higher-income countries. Efficiency has improved during the 1990s in energy and education but has not improved significantly in transport.

Accountability --- Allocation --- E-Business --- Expenditure levels --- Fiscal adjustment --- Government Expenditures --- Health Monitoring and Evaluation --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Labor Policies --- Private Sector Development --- Programs --- Public expenditure --- Public expenditures --- Public sector --- Public Sector Expenditure Analysis and Management --- Social Protections and Labor --- Total expenditure --- Transport --- Transport Economics, Policy and Planning

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This paper shows empirically that "privatization" in the energy, telecommunications, and water sectors, and the introduction of independent regulators in those sectors, have not always had the expected effects on access, affordability, or quality of services. It also shows that corruption leads to adjustments in the quantity, quality, and price of services consistent with the profit-maximizing behavior that one would expect from monopolies in the sector. The results suggest that privatization and the introduction of independent regulators have, at best, only partial effects on the consequences of corruption for access, affordability, and quality of utility services.

Data --- Data Analysis --- Databases --- E-Business --- Electricity --- Emerging Markets --- Energy --- Energy Production and Transportation --- ICT Policy and Strategies --- Information --- Information and Communication Technologies --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Infrastructure Regulation --- International Telecommunications --- Mobile Phones --- Performance --- Performance Indicators --- Poverty Monitoring and Analysis --- Poverty Reduction --- Price --- Prices --- Private Sector --- Private Sector Development --- Private Sector Participation --- Prof Profits --- Public Sector Corruption and Anticorruption Measures --- Public Sector Economics and Finance --- Quality of Services --- Result --- Results --- Social Accountability --- Social Development --- Technology --- Telecommunications --- Town Water Supply and Sanitation --- Water Supply and Sanitation

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This paper shows empirically that "privatization" in the energy, telecommunications, and water sectors, and the introduction of independent regulators in those sectors, have not always had the expected effects on access, affordability, or quality of services. It also shows that corruption leads to adjustments in the quantity, quality, and price of services consistent with the profit-maximizing behavior that one would expect from monopolies in the sector. The results suggest that privatization and the introduction of independent regulators have, at best, only partial effects on the consequences of corruption for access, affordability, and quality of utility services.

Developing countries.