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This technical guide seeks to demonstrate that, by encouraging small, continuous improvements in landfill siting, construction, and operation, the accumulative effect over time is the achievement of better operations. The guide does not seek an immediate adoption of sanitary landfill practices. Instead, sanitary landfill is regarded as an eventual goal for which middle- and lower-income countries can plan during the course of several years. A common theme throughout the guide is the emphasis on the practical ways landfills can evolve, as resources and confidence increase, from open dumps to "controlled" dumps to "engineered" landfills and perhaps, one day, to sanitary landfills.

Landfills --- Sanitation and Sewerage --- Urban Solid Waste Management --- Waste Disposal and Utilization --- Wastewater Treatment --- Water Supply and Sanitation

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Economic conversion --- War --- Regional economics --- War and society --- Peace --- Conversion économique --- Guerre --- Economie régionale --- Guerre et société --- Paix --- Case studies. --- Economic aspects --- Cas, Etudes de --- Aspect économique --- Etudes de cas --- 851 Burgeroorlogen --- Polemology --- 831 Internationale politieke economie --- Armed conflict (War) --- Conflict, Armed (War) --- Fighting --- Hostilities --- Wars --- Society and war --- Coexistence, Peaceful --- Peaceful coexistence --- Conversion, Economic --- Conversion from military to civilian production --- Conversion of industries --- Defense conversion --- Military to civilian conversion --- Social aspects --- International relations --- Military art and science --- Sociology --- Civilians in war --- Sociology, Military --- Disarmament --- Peace-building --- Security, International

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Confronting the corrosive influence that war economies typically have on the prospects for peace in war-torn societies, this study critically analyzes current policy responses and offers a thought-provoking foundation for the development of more effective peacebuilding strategies. The authors focus on the role played by trade in precipitating and fueling conflict, with particular emphasis on the regional dynamics that are created by war economies. Their analysis highlights the darker side of the commitment to deregulation, open markets, and the expansion of trade routes that are key features of globalization. In each of three case studies—-Sierra Leone, Afghanistan, and Bosnia—they examine the nature of the war economy, the regional networks developed to support it, its legacies, and the impact of initiatives to transform it. That transformation, they argue, a process central to the transition from violent conflict to sustainable peace, can best be achieved through approaches that recognize critical regional factors.

POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political Economy.

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Political sociology --- Politics