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This book reflects the outcome of the 1st International Workshop on Turbulent Spray Combustion held in 2009 in Corsica (France). The focus is on reporting the progress of experimental and numerical techniques in two-phase flows, with emphasis on spray combustion.  The motivation for studies in this area is that knowledge of the dominant phenomena and their interactions in such flow systems is essential for the development of predictive models and their use in combustor and gas turbine design. This necessitates the development of accurate experimental methods and numerical modelling techniques.  The workshop aimed at providing an opportunity for experts and young researchers to present the state-of-the-art, discuss new developments or techniques and exchange ideas in the areas of experimentations, modelling and simulation of reactive multiphase flows. The first two papers reflect the contents of the invited lectures, given by experts in the field of turbulent spray combustion. The first  concerns computational issues, while the second deals with experiments. These lectures initiated very interesting and interactive discussions among the researchers, further pursued in contributed poster presentations. Contributions 3 and 4 focus on some aspects of the impact of the interaction between fuel evaporation and combustion on spray combustion in the context of gas turbines, while the final article deals with the interaction between evaporation and turbulence.

Experiments. --- Spray combustion -- Congresses. --- Spray combustion -- Experiments. --- Two-phase flow --- Spray combustion --- Engineering --- Hydraulic engineering --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Applied Mathematics --- Civil Engineering --- Chemical Engineering --- Turbulence --- Combustion --- Engineering. --- Fluids. --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics). --- Electric power production. --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement. --- Thermodynamics. --- Heat engineering. --- Heat transfer. --- Mass transfer. --- Fluid mechanics. --- Engineering Fluid Dynamics. --- Engineering Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer. --- Phase Transitions and Multiphase Systems. --- Energy Technology. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Fluid- and Aerodynamics. --- Hydromechanics --- Continuum mechanics --- Mass transport (Physics) --- Thermodynamics --- Transport theory --- Heat transfer --- Thermal transfer --- Transmission of heat --- Energy transfer --- Heat --- Mechanical engineering --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Dynamics --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Electric power generation --- Electricity generation --- Power production, Electric --- Electric power systems --- Electrification --- Phase changes (Statistical physics) --- Phase transitions (Statistical physics) --- Phase rule and equilibrium --- Statistical physics --- Hydraulics --- Hydrostatics --- Permeability --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Energy Systems. --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Fluid mechanics --- Shore protection --- Energy systems. --- Measurement   .

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At European level, fire safety legislation falls entirely within the competence of the Member States (MS), unlike the Construction Products Regulation and the harmonised Eurocodes. The consequence of this European approach has led to the development of different perspectives regarding fire safety legislation that are being used by the MS. On the other hand, fire safety legislation in each MS is being composed in a different way. Besides national regulations, fire safety legislation may be shaped on other levels as well such as on regional level, by the mayor on municipal level or by the fire department. Due to the shared objective of obtaining an adequate level of safety in all MS, and given that serious fire accidents have occurred in the recent past, the decentralised approach to fire safety has been criticised. In terms of the fire safety of buildings, one can say that the EU does not provide a comprehensive approach. The lack of a framework to address fire safety legislation in a harmonised manner is recognised, as well as the need to do so equally in all Member States. Secondly, a growing need for harmonious cooperation between MS, and the joint resolution of fire safety problems in buildings is tangible. This raises the question as to whether or not there is an overlap of fire safety legislation between the various MS and how the differences and similarities are reflected. In this research, an attempt is made to shed light on these unanswered questions. A comparative study between Belgium, The Netherlands and France will reveal the similarities and differences between these countries with the aim of encouraging the harmonisation of fire safety legislation of buildings on European level. The emphasis of the aspects examined is placed on the passive fire protection requirements with specific attention to compartmentation, evacuation and building elements such as structural elements, walls, (interior) doors, ceilings and facades. Increased risk profiles will not be included in this research. Specifically, this concerns schools, hospitals, industries, and underground car parks. On the basis of an analysis of the national legislation of these three countries, a comprehensive table was established for each country containing all passive fire protection requirements of buildings. Subsequently, an overall table was drawn up covering all three countries. The results show that there are large differences in the harmonisation of national fire safety legislation, that each country has a different classification, that the fire resistance values (REI values) are not uniquely used in countries and that differences exist between a comparative table across the three countries. The overall table shows that the emphasis is different across countries on certain aspects. Finally, the recommendations give a direction as to how harmonisation of fire safety legislation in Europe can be promoted. Remarkably, the shortcomings of the prescriptive approach, such as the over-regulation of some aspects, and the complicated explanations of some articles, become apparent here as well.

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The fire accident in road tunnels can lead to harmful consequence for commuters, as the risk of being killed is higher than open roads. The study of these accidents is limited to some extent. This thesis focuses on multiple risk influencing factors of vehicle collision, scenario construction for understanding tunnel accidents and analysis of large tunnel data using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). The real-life tunnel accidents are hard to reconstruct due to lack of information gathering and association of different parameters within statistical data. We construct 26 independent accidents with different combination of parameters (tunnel length, tunnel zones, gradient, etc.). The absence of description and graphical representation in tunnel collisions is compensated by assigning a unique data representation for the constructed scenarios. Risk variables or risk factors with multiple categories without any quantitative value is represented as labels. For example, in our thesis the tunnel type is a risk variable which consists of two categories (unidirectional tunnel and bidirectional tunnel). Analysing large amount of nominal data for accident scenarios is done by MCA as it quantifies the categorical value for each representation within an accident. The output obtained is a lower dimensional map of individual scenarios and its categorical variables. This map is directly interpreted for its association from pattern recognition within each scenario. The aim is to show a good data representation for reconstruction of real time accidents and to analyse large categorical crash data for a single tunnel or combination of tunnels.