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This report sheds light on the interlocked long-term territorial development challenges and the recently realized systemic risks affecting the Lake Chad region. It summarizes the findings of seven technical papers, each investigating different aspects of the interlinked challenges faced by the region. These studies are accompanied by complementary research on labor market and geospatial socioeconomic trends, as well as by a review of the thin literature on economic development across the region. In addition to presenting the main results of the technical papers, the report positions the findings in the broader context of an analytical framework depicting the feedback mechanisms between the region's territorial development gaps and the self-reinforcing link to shocks, namely, violent conflict and climate change. This analytical framework is presented in Section 1.2. The rest of the report is structured as follows. Section 1.3 describes the main social and economic trajectories in the region. It reviews long-term demographic trends, suggesting. Section 1.4 argues that the low-growth, high-poverty equilibrium observed in the region is closely linked to the region's economic geography. Section 1.5 discusses how the impact of climatic variation and violent conflict experienced in the region interlink with and exacerbate the territorial development challenges. Section 1.6 presents policy directions structured around four crosscutting themes: infrastructure, trade, governance, and natural resource management. The crosscutting nature of these themes encourages the exploration of potential synergies across challenge areas. The discussion in the section aims to inform policy-making efforts to strengthen territorial development and mitigate the impacts of conflict and climate change. Such endeavors can increase the likelihood of breaking free from the self-reinforcing negative mechanisms and boost the potential return of the region to a path of stability and inclusive economic development.

Access To Markets --- Agriculture --- Climate Change --- Climate Change Impacts --- Conflict and Development --- Economic Development --- Environment --- Human Capital --- Labor Market --- Natural Resources Management --- Poverty Reduction --- Trade Barriers --- Trade Facilitation --- Urbanization

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This paper examines the labor market and jobs in urban Kinshasa, by drawing on a recently collected household survey and other data sets. It particularly focuses on labor supply and employment patterns, job characteristics, and their spatial nexus. The analysis first shows that female and young workers are more likely to experience unemployment and underemployment than other workers in Kinshasa. Second, the availability of good quality jobs is still limited in Kinshasa. Third, in addition to the scarcity of good jobs, which are concentrated in the city core, poor accessibility due to the limited connective infrastructure and transport system further reduces job opportunities for people living in the outskirts.

Accessibility --- Demographics --- Employment and Unemployment --- Jobs --- Labor Market --- Social Protections and Labor --- Spatial Analysis --- Unemployment --- Urban Poverty

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This paper estimates the impacts of mobile broadband coverage on household consumption and poverty in Nigeria, the largest economy and mobile broadband market in Africa. The analysis exploits a unique dataset that integrates three waves of a nationally representative longitudinal household survey on living standards with information from Nigerian mobile operators on the deployment of mobile broadband (3G and 4G) coverage between 2010 and 2016. The estimates show that mobile broadband coverage had large and positive impacts on household consumption levels which increased over time, although at a decreasing rate. Mobile broadband coverage also reduces the proportion of households below the poverty line, driven by higher food and non-food consumption in rural households. These effects are mainly due to an increase in labor force participation and employment, particularly among women.

Digital Divide --- Employment --- Female Labor Force Participation --- Gender and Development --- Gender and Economics --- Gender Informatics --- Household Consumption --- ICT Economics --- Inequality --- Labor Force Participation --- Mobile Broadband --- Poverty --- Poverty Line --- Welfare Impact