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This Master’s thesis examines if differences in real estate return among countries are influenced by differences in institutional factors among those countries. The research is set up by conducting both univariate and multivariate analyses to examine both characteristics of several country-specific factors as well as the relationship they hold towards a country’s real estate return. The tested hypotheses examine the relationship that several measures of institutional factors (a country’s economic openness & several country-governance measurements) hold towards a country’s real estate return. These hypotheses are tested by conducting a pooled OLS regression to test the impact of differences in institutional factors on differences in real estate return, controlling for differences in macroeconomic variables. The institutional variables are inserted in the model by adding two main factors extracted from a conducted principle component analysis containing separate institutional variables. The analysis of the results shows significance in one of the two extracted factors containing information about a country’s “freedom & openness”.

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The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of corporate income taxes on the competitiveness of nations. Ample research on the competitiveness of nations exists, but the impact of corporate income taxes has never been investigated. A global trend of corporate income tax reform to ameliorate the competitiveness of nations arises at the moment, but it remained unclear and debated whether this motive could be justified or should be marked as vacuous. A quantitative dynamic panel data approach is employed in this research to test the hypothesis and a comparison is made between developed and emerging economies. The results indicate that corporate income taxation can form a motive to increase competitiveness for developed economies, but the influence remains insignificant for emerging economies.

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A lot of studies have been conducted to find the answer whether an investment in corporate social responsibility has an impact on firm financial performance. Motivated to contribute in this purpose, this master thesis aims to examine the relation between CSR and firm performance in emerging markets, using both of CSR performance and CSR controversies score measurement. This study is conducted with a sample of firms across 21 countries in emerging markets using panel data analysis during a five-year period (2012-2016). The results indicate that CSR performance has a positive impact on firm value. Meanwhile, there is no link can be found in the relation between CSR controversies and market valuation.

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This paper investigates a set of factors that predict the location of European subsidiaries in East Asia. The study is driven by the growing literature on the pollution haven hypothesis. The haven hypothesis predicts the migration of pollution-intensive industries from countries with high environmental standards towards countries with low environmental standards. This study approaches the pollution issue from a Western European perspective using a cross-section dataset. The results are in favor of the pollution haven hypothesis as firms active in pollution intensive industries are relatively more often located in non-OECD regions. The non-OECD region is characterised by weaker environmental and institutional standards. This indicates that European MNEs engage in institutional arbitrage to respond to growing global demand at the costs of the environment.

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This study explores the impact of international trade agreements on extra, intra and total FDI inflow to developing countries by zooming in on the ASEAN agreement for 10 South-East Asian countries from 1990 to 2016. Developing countries have been becoming very attractive FDI destinations over the last two decades, creating scientific curiosity, because of these largely, still unexplored shifts in FDI inflow over the last two decades. We build on existing research by relating these shifts to the increasing amount of ITA formed by developing countries. Our relevant contribution lies in examining the impact on both extra-regional as intra-regional FDI inflow by exploring different models. We use ordinary least squares and two stage least squares as regression methods. Our major findings are that ASEAN does significantly impact extra and intra-regional FDI inflow for these 10 developing countries, but that the impact is smaller than expected. We cannot prove that other ITA, excluding the ASEAN agreement, the 10 members of ASEAN are part off, to have a significant impact on total FDI inflow.