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Viscous flow is usually treated in the frame of boundary-layer theory and as a two-dimensional flow. At best, books on boundary layers provide the describing equations for three-dimensional boundary layers, and solutions only for certain special cases. This book presents the basic principles and theoretical foundations of three-dimensional attached viscous flows as they apply to aircraft of all kinds. Though the primary flight speed range is that of civil air transport vehicles, flows past other flying vehicles up to hypersonic speeds are also considered. Emphasis is put on general three-dimensional attached viscous flows and not on three-dimensional boundary layers, as this wider scope is necessary in view of the theoretical and practical problems that have to be overcome in practice. The specific topics covered include weak, strong, and global interaction; the locality principle; properties of three-dimensional viscous flows; thermal surface effects; characteristic properties; wall compatibility conditions; connections between inviscid and viscous flows; flow topology; quasi-one- and two-dimensional flows; laminar-turbulent transition; and turbulence. Detailed discussions of examples illustrate these topics and the relevant phenomena encountered in three-dimensional viscous flows. The full governing equations, reference-temperature relations for qualitative considerations and estimations of flow properties, and coordinates for fuselages and wings are also provided. Sample problems with solutions allow readers to test their understanding. .
Space research --- Astronomy --- Fluid mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Mechanical properties of solids --- Hydraulic energy --- Applied physical engineering --- vloeistofstroming --- thermodynamica --- aerodynamica --- astronauten --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- ruimtevaart --- hydraulica --- vloeistoffen --- warmteoverdracht
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Finite element method --- Fluid dynamics --- Lagrange equations --- Numerical solutions
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This volume addresses selected aerothermodynamic design problems for three vehicle classes: winged reentry, non-winged reentry, and airbreathing hypersonic flight vehicles. Following an introductory chapter, the book presents the basics of flight trajectory mechanics, giving the aerothermodynamicist an understanding of the principal issues relevant to the field. In the following chapters, specific aerothermodynamic phenomena are discussed for the three vehicle classes, major simulation problems are singled out, and particular trends are examined. Available coefficients of longitudinal motion are presented for a variety of shapes of operational and studied vehicles, and aerothermodynamic issues of stabilization, trim, and control devices are treated. A full chapter is devoted to describing equations for aerodynamic forces, moments, center of pressure, trim, and stability. Another chapter focuses on multidisciplinary design aspects, presenting the mathematical models and the coupling procedures in detail. Other chapters address the thermal state of a vehicle surface, thermal loads, and thermal surface effects, which are among the major topics of hypersonic vehicle design. The governing equations for flow in thermo-chemical non-equilibrium are presented, along with properties of the earth's atmosphere. Finally, constants and dimensions, symbol definitions, a glossary, acronyms, and a solution guide to problems are provided. This book will be a great boon to graduate students, doctoral students, design and development engineers, and technical managers alike.
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This volume contains 37 invited contributions, collected to celebrate one hundred volumes of the NNFM Series. After a general introduction overviews are given in five parts of the developments in numerical fluid mechanics and related fields. In the first part information about the series is given, its origins are discussed, as well as its environment and the German and European high-performance computer scene. In Part II the co-editors of the series give short surveys over developments in their countries. Current applications, mainly in the aerospace sector, but also in the automotive sector, are discussed in Part III. Applications to flow problems in engineering and physics, ranging from hydraulic machinery to astrophysics, are the topics of Part IV. Algorithms, computer science, commercial CFD, public partnerships in high-performance computing, and hardware development up to petaflops computers are treated in Part V. All volumes, which were published in the series finally are listed in Part VI.
Numerical analysis --- Fluid mechanics --- Gases handling. Fluids handling --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Computer. Automation --- neuronale netwerken --- fuzzy logic --- aerodynamica --- cybernetica --- vormgeving --- informatica --- simulaties --- wiskunde --- algoritmen --- KI (kunstmatige intelligentie) --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- robots --- numerieke analyse --- vloeistoffen
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Fluid mechanical aspects of separated and vortical flow in aircraft wing aerodynamics are treated. The focus is on two wing classes: (1) large aspect-ratio wings and (2) small aspect-ratio delta-type wings. Aerodynamic design issues in general are not dealt with. Discrete numerical simulation methods play a progressively larger role in aircraft design and development. Accordingly, in the introduction to the book the different mathematical models are considered, which underlie the aerodynamic computation methods (panel methods, RANS and scale-resolving methods). Special methods are the Euler methods, which as rather inexpensive methods embrace compressibility effects and also permit to describe lifting-wing flow. The concept of the kinematically active and inactive vorticity content of shear layers gives insight into many flow phenomena, but also, with the second break of symmetry---the first one is due to the Kutta condition---an explanation of lifting-wing flow fields. The prerequisite is an extended definition of separation: “flow-off separation” at sharp trailing edges of class (1) wings and at sharp leading edges of class (2) wings. The vorticity-content concept, with a compatibility condition for flow-off separation at sharp edges, permits to understand the properties of the evolving trailing vortex layer and the resulting pair of trailing vortices of class (1) wings. The concept also shows that Euler methods at sharp delta or strake leading edges of class (2) wings can give reliable results. Three main topics are treated: 1) Basic Principles are considered first: boundary-layer flow, vortex theory, the vorticity content of shear layers, Euler solutions for lifting wings, the Kutta condition in reality and the topology of skin-friction and velocity fields. 2) Unit Problems treat isolated flow phenomena of the two wing classes. Capabilities of panel and Euler methods are investigated. One Unit Problem is the flow past the wing of the NASA Common Research Model. Other Unit Problems concern the lee-side vortex system appearing at the Vortex-Flow Experiment 1 and 2 sharp- and blunt-edged delta configurations, at a delta wing with partly round leading edges, and also at the Blunt Delta Wing at hypersonic speed. 3) Selected Flow Problems of the two wing classes. In short sections practical design problems are discussed. The treatment of flow past fuselages, although desirable, was not possible in the frame of this book.
Fluid mechanics --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- neuronale netwerken --- fuzzy logic --- cybernetica --- KI (kunstmatige intelligentie) --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- vloeistoffen --- Engineering --- Computational intelligence. --- Intelligence, Computational --- Artificial intelligence --- Soft computing --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Fluid Dynamics.
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Fluid mechanical aspects of separated and vortical flow in aircraft wing aerodynamics are treated. The focus is on two wing classes: (1) large aspect-ratio wings and (2) small aspect-ratio delta-type wings. Aerodynamic design issues in general are not dealt with. Discrete numerical simulation methods play a progressively larger role in aircraft design and development. Accordingly, in the introduction to the book the different mathematical models are considered, which underlie the aerodynamic computation methods (panel methods, RANS and scale-resolving methods). Special methods are the Euler methods, which as rather inexpensive methods embrace compressibility effects and also permit to describe lifting-wing flow. The concept of the kinematically active and inactive vorticity content of shear layers gives insight into many flow phenomena, but also, with the second break of symmetry---the first one is due to the Kutta condition---an explanation of lifting-wing flow fields. The prerequisite is an extended definition of separation: "flow-off separation" at sharp trailing edges of class (1) wings and at sharp leading edges of class (2) wings. The vorticity-content concept, with a compatibility condition for flow-off separation at sharp edges, permits to understand the properties of the evolving trailing vortex layer and the resulting pair of trailing vortices of class (1) wings. The concept also shows that Euler methods at sharp delta or strake leading edges of class (2) wings can give reliable results. Three main topics are treated: 1) Basic Principles are considered first: boundary-layer flow, vortex theory, the vorticity content of shear layers, Euler solutions for lifting wings, the Kutta condition in reality and the topology of skin-friction and velocity fields. 2) Unit Problems treat isolated flow phenomena of the two wing classes. Capabilities of panel and Euler methods are investigated. One Unit Problem is the flow past the wing of the NASA Common Research Model. Other Unit Problems concern the lee-side vortex system appearing at the Vortex-Flow Experiment 1 and 2 sharp- and blunt-edged delta configurations, at a delta wing with partly round leading edges, and also at the Blunt Delta Wing at hypersonic speed. 3) Selected Flow Problems of the two wing classes. In short sections practical design problems are discussed. The treatment of flow past fuselages, although desirable, was not possible in the frame of this book.
Fluid mechanics --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- neuronale netwerken --- fuzzy logic --- cybernetica --- KI (kunstmatige intelligentie) --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- vloeistoffen
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Fluid mechanics --- Numerical analysis --- Congresses. --- Data processing --- Fluides, Mécanique des --- Éléments finis, Méthode des --- Finite element method --- Fluides, Mécanique des. --- Éléments finis, Méthode des. --- Calculs numériques --- Finite element method. --- Fluid mechanics. --- Calculs numériques --- Fluides, Mécanique des --- Equation
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Numerical analysis --- Fluid mechanics --- Gases handling. Fluids handling --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Computer. Automation --- neuronale netwerken --- fuzzy logic --- aerodynamica --- cybernetica --- vormgeving --- informatica --- simulaties --- wiskunde --- algoritmen --- KI (kunstmatige intelligentie) --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- robots --- numerieke analyse --- vloeistoffen
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Numerical analysis --- Fluid mechanics --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Computer. Automation --- neuronale netwerken --- fuzzy logic --- cybernetica --- algoritmen --- KI (kunstmatige intelligentie) --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- numerieke analyse --- vloeistoffen