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Infrastructure forms the economic backbone of modern society. It is a key determinant of economic competitiveness, social well-being and environmental sustainability. Yet infrastructure systems (energy, transport, water, waste and ICT) in advanced economies globally face serious challenges. For the first time, a leading team of researchers sets out a systematic approach to making long-term choices about national infrastructure systems. Great Britain is used as a case study to demonstrate how the methodologies and accompanying models can be effectively applied in a national infrastructure assessment. Lessons and insights for other industrialised nations and emerging economies are highlighted, demonstrating practical scenarios for delivering infrastructure services in a wide range of future socio-economic and environmental conditions. The Future of National Infrastructure provides practitioners, policy-makers, and academics with the concepts, models and tools needed to identify and test robust, sustainable, and resilient strategies for the provision of national infrastructure.

Infrastructure (Economics) --- Evaluation. --- economics. --- evaluation method. --- United Kingdom. --- urban infrastructure. --- computer system. --- simulation. --- ionsamhlú --- симулация --- προσομοίωση --- modelēšana --- simulazzjoni --- simulatie --- симулација --- simulation --- simulatsioon --- simulering --- simulim --- Simulation --- simulazione --- simulace --- symulacja --- modeliavimas --- szimuláció --- simulointi --- simulação --- simulación --- simulare --- simulacija --- simulácia --- vědecká simulace --- simuleringsmodell --- počítačový model --- modelēšanā izmantojamais paraugs --- метод на симулација --- simulointimenetelmä --- simuleringsmodel --- модел симулације --- model simulimi --- szimulációs modell --- sumodeliuotas modelis --- simulation model --- model de simulare --- model simulacije --- méthode de simulation --- simulacijski model --- modelování --- vědecký model --- simulační techniky --- modelo de simulação --- simulatsioonimudel --- Simulationsmodell --- modello --- modelo de simulación --- modèle de simulation --- μοντέλο προσομοίωσης --- výzkumný model --- simulatiemodel --- sistema informático --- računalni sustav --- система за обработка на данни --- edb-system --- kompiuterių sistema --- Datenverarbeitungssystem --- sistema informatico --- atk-järjestelmä --- sistema tal-kompjuter --- datorsistēma --- računalniški sistem --- számítógépes rendszer --- рачунарски систем --- sistem kompjuterik --- компјутерски систем --- córas ríomhaireachta --- σύστημα πληροφορικής --- system informatyczny --- sistem informatic --- systém spracovania údajov --- arvutisüsteem --- počítačový systém --- databehandlingssystem --- système informatique --- informatieverwerkend systeem --- sistem de procesare a datelor --- kompjutorski sustav --- систем за обработка на податоци --- sistemi i përpunimit të të dhënave --- електронски систем --- компјутерска обработка на податоци --- data-processing system --- andmetöötlussüsteem --- informatički sustav --- μηχανογραφικό σύστημα --- duomenų apdorojimo sistema --- datu apstrādes sistēma --- computersysteem --- sustav za obradu podataka --- infrastructură urbană --- městská infrastruktura --- stedelijke infrastructuur --- infrastrukturë urbane --- pilsētas infrastruktūra --- infrastruttura urbana --- bymæssig infrastruktur --- έργα αστικής υποδομής --- stadsinfrastruktur --- mestská infraštruktúra --- infraestrutura urbana --- städtische Infrastruktur --- infraestructura urbana --- kaupunkien infrastruktuuri --- városi infrastruktúra --- miesto infrastruktūra --- infrastruktura miejska --- linna infrastruktuur --- bonneagar uirbeach --- gradska infrastruktura --- mestna infrastruktura --- infrastructure urbaine --- градска инфраструктура --- sipërmarrje statutore --- podnik verejných služieb --- infra-estrutura urbana --- basanläggningar --- közművek --- public utility --- statutory undertaker --- комуналии --- kommunaalettevõte --- јавни комунални претпријатија --- комунални услуги --- lakisääteinen julkisen palvelun tarjoaja --- utilități publice --- komunalinė įmonė --- komunālo pakalpojumu uzņēmums --- julkinen palvelulaitos --- licencijuota įmonė --- урбана инфраструктура --- Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta --- Förenade kungariket --- Ühendkuningriik --- Обединетото Кралство --- An Ríocht Aontaithe --- Spojené kráľovstvo --- ir-Renju Unit --- Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο --- Spojené království --- Великобритания --- Velika Britanija i Sjeverna Irska --- Marea Britanie --- Regno Unito --- Verenigd Koninkrijk --- Mbretëria e Bashkuar --- Уједињено Краљевство --- Apvienotā Karaliste --- Reino Unido --- Egyesült Királyság --- Wielka Brytania --- Det Forenede Kongerige --- Jungtinė Karalystė --- das Vereinigte Königreich --- Združeno kraljestvo --- Royaume-Uni --- Nagy-Britannia és Észak-Írország --- Velká Británie --- Jungtinė Didžiosios Britanijos ir Šiaurės Airijos Karalystė --- Gran Bretagna --- Reino Unido da Grã-Bretanha e Irlanda do Norte --- Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland --- Iso-Britannia --- Storbritannien --- Μεγάλη Βρετανία --- Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo Velike Britanije i Sjeverne Irske --- Mbretëria e Bashkuar e Britanisë së Madhe dhe Irlandës së Veriut --- das Vereinigte Königreich Großbritannien und Nordirland --- Združeno kraljestvo Velika Britanija in Severna Irska --- Nagy-Britannia és Észak-Írország Egyesült Királysága --- Iso-Britannia ja Pohjois-Irlanti --- Ujedinjena Kraljevina --- Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο της Μεγάλης Βρετανίας και της Βορείου Ιρλανδίας --- Zjednoczone Królestwo Wielkiej Brytanii i Irlandii Północnej --- Spojené království Velké Británie a Severního Irska --- Nagy-Britannia --- Grã-Bretanha --- Groot-Brittannië --- Gran Bretaña --- United Kingdom --- Уједињено Краљевство Велике Британије и Северне Ирске --- Обединетото Кралство на Велика Британија и Северна Ирска --- Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și Irlandei de Nord --- Обединено кралство --- Británie --- Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο της Μεγάλης Βρετανίας και της Βόρειας Ιρλανδίας --- Det Forenede Kongerige Storbritannien og Nordirland --- Großbritannien --- Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d’Irlande du Nord --- Ison-Britannian ja Pohjois-Irlannin yhdistynyt kuningaskunta --- Regno Unito di Gran Bretagna e Irlanda del Nord --- Suurbritannia ja Põhja-Iiri Ühendkuningriik --- Spojené kráľovstvo Veľkej Británie a Severného ĺrska --- Обединено кралство Великобритания и Северна Ирландия --- Lielbritānijas un Ziemeļīrijas Apvienotā Karaliste --- Veľká Británia a Severné Írsko --- Förenade konungariket Storbritannien och Nordirland --- Lielbritānija --- Grande-Bretagne --- Velika Britanija --- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland --- Marea Britanie și Irlanda de Nord --- Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte --- método de evaluación --- evaluatiemethode --- způsob vyhodnocení --- metodă de evaluare --- método de avaliação --- метод на проценка --- hindamismeetod --- įvertinimo metodas --- metodë vlerësimi --- metodu ta' evalwazzjoni --- metodo di valutazione --- метод процењивања --- metoda procjene --- modh meastóireachta --- evalueringsmetode --- metoda oceny --- arviointimenetelmä --- metóda hodnotenia --- metoda vrednotenja --- процедура за оценка --- Bewertungsverfahren --- méthode d'évaluation --- utvärderingsmetod --- μέθοδος αξιολόγησης --- novērtēšanas metode --- értékelési módszer --- valutazione --- sætte på prøve --- vyhodnocovací metoda --- Bewertung --- evaluation --- sperimentazione --- évaluation --- evaluatie --- novērtēšana --- vērtēšana --- αξιολόγηση --- метод на евалуација --- υποβολή σε έλεγχο --- postupak vrednovanja --- vyhodnocení výzkumu --- zhodnocení výzkumu --- проценка --- evaluering --- método de valoración --- evaluacija --- evaluare --- mise à l'épreuve --- вреднување --- arviointi --- ekonomikas zinātne --- ekonomie --- xjenza ekonomika --- taloustiede --- економски науки --- ekonomija --- science économique --- Wirtschaftswissenschaft --- közgazdaságtan --- ekonomi politike --- ekonomia --- eacnamaíocht --- științe economice --- economische wetenschap --- οικονομική επιστήμη --- ciência económica --- majandusteadus --- ekonómia --- ekonomika --- ekonomska znanost --- ciencia económica --- økonomisk videnskab --- ekonomisk vetenskap --- економска наука --- икономическа наука --- scienze economiche --- οικονομική θεωρία --- hospodářská teorie --- politická ekonómia --- taloustieteellinen teoria --- teori ekonomike --- политичка економија --- teoria económica --- economic theory --- economische theorie --- politikai gazdaságtan --- ekonomska teorija --- ekonomikos mokslai --- πολιτική οικονομία --- politisk ekonomi --- economía política --- економика --- politinė ekonomija --- Wirtschaftstheorie --- politička ekonomija --- økonomisk teori --- teoria economica --- teoría económica --- politieke economie --- poliitökonoomia --- politiskā ekonomija --- economic science --- théorie économique --- teorie economică --- Volkswirtschaftslehre --- poliittinen taloustiede --- ekonomisk teori --- économie politique --- shkencë ekonomike --- political economics --- ekonomikos teorija --- ekonomická teória --- ekonomická nauka --- political economy --- ekonomická teorie --- majandusteooria --- ekonomikas teorija --- economia politica --- economie politică --- economia política --- gazdaságelmélet --- економска теорија --- národohospodářství --- Nationalökonomie --- Capital, Social (Economics) --- Economic infrastructure --- Social capital (Economics) --- Social infrastructure --- Social overhead capital --- Economic development --- Human settlements --- Public goods --- Public works --- Capital

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This book examines water resource management in China’s electric power sector and the implications for energy provision in the face of an emerging national water crisis and global climate change.Over 75% of China’s current electricity comes from coal. Coal-fired power plants are reliant on water, with plants using significant volumes of water every year, yet water resources are unevenly distributed. In the face of serious environmental concerns and increasing electricity demand, this book examines the environmental impacts that coal power plants have on water resources and the impact water availability has on the electricity sector in a country with a significant number of water-scarce provinces and a large number of power plants located on inland waterways. It discusses the water impacts and constraints for transforming the electric power sector away from coal to renewable energy sources, such as hydropower and concentrated solar power. The book adopts a mix-method approach, combining a plant-level quantitative analysis on water impacts and dependencies in China’s electricity sector and a qualitative analysis of relevant institutions in both sectors. By reviewing policy and institution cases in China’s water and electricity sectors, the book provides important recommendations calling for coordinated institutions to shift away from the current paradigm where water and electricity are governed independently.Enriching the water-energy nexus literature, this book will be of great interest to students and scholars working on water resource management, energy industries and Chinese environmental policy, as well as policymakers and practitioners in those fields.

Water-supply --- Water resources development --- Coal-fired power plants --- Energy policy --- Environmental policy --- Management --- Environmental aspects

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In recent years major floods have occurred across Europe causing serious damages and huge financial implications. Flood risk and vulnerability is increasing with increased frequency of occurrence of extreme events due to climate change, changes in land-use, encroachment into floodplains and increasing economic value of assets and businesses. Human lives, property, environment and socio-economics are at increasing risk due to flooding. Recent alarming events in Central Europe, UK and The Netherlands have provided renewed impetus to the development of improved policies and techniques for flood risk management across Europe. Sharing of knowledge and understanding of the practical problems, dilemmas and challenges will aid in the development and implementation of new technologies and strategies of the challenging issues of flood risk management in Europe. This valuable edition brings together 26 peer reviewed articles on technical, socio-economic, environmental and policy aspects of flood risk management. These articles contribute to the five sections with the general themes: i) flood risk management practice, ii) flood events and impacts, iii) flood analysis and modelling iv) flood forecasting and v) flood risk management policy. Some emerging technologies are presented and several future challenges are identified. Audience This book will be of interest to engineers, scientists, planners, policy-makers, researchers, insurance industry and all the practitioners involved in flood risk management, and its sub-disciplines in engineering, hydrology, environmental studies, coastal management, economics and public policy.

Flood forecasting --- Flood control --- Floods --- Hydrological forecasting --- Flood prevention --- Flood protection --- Prevention of floods --- Rivers --- Forest influences --- Forecasting --- Prevention --- Regulation --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Environmental management. --- Civil engineering. --- Hydrogeology. --- Environmental Management. --- Geoengineering, Foundations, Hydraulics. --- Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management. --- Civil Engineering. --- Monitoring/Environmental Analysis. --- Engineering --- Public works --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Engineering geology. --- Engineering—Geology. --- Foundations. --- Hydraulics. --- Environmental monitoring. --- Civil engineering --- Geology, Economic --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- Flow of water --- Water --- Hydraulic engineering --- Jets --- Architecture --- Building --- Structural engineering --- Underground construction --- Caissons --- Earthwork --- Masonry --- Soil consolidation --- Soil mechanics --- Walls --- Geohydrology --- Geology --- Hydrology --- Groundwater --- Measurement --- Monitoring --- Flow --- Distribution --- Details

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The United Nations Broadband Commission has committed the international community to accelerate universal broadband, but the cost of meeting these objectives in the context of rapid technological change are not well understood. Using scenario analysis, this paper compares the global cost-effectiveness of different infrastructure strategies for the developing world to achieve universal 4G or 5G mobile broadband. Utilizing remote sensing and demand forecasting, least-cost network designs are developed for eight representative low- and middle-income countries (Malawi, Uganda, Kenya, Senegal, Pakistan, Albania, Peru, and Mexico), which provide the basis for aggregation to the global level. The cost of meeting UN Broadband Commission targets across the developing world is estimated at USD 1.6-1.7 trillion over the next decade, approximately 0.5-0.6% of annual gross domestic product for the developing world over the next decade. However, by creating a favorable regulatory environment, governments can bring down these costs by as much as three-quarters - to USD 0.5 trillion (around 0.15 percent of annual gross domestic product) - and largely avoid the need for public subsidies. While 4G technology remains somewhat more cost-effective at the global scale, 5G NSA can sometimes prove less costly at the national level, particularly for countries with relatively low existing coverage of 4G technologies, and a tendency to be capacity-constrained in terms of demand. Providing that governments make judicious choices, adopting fiscal and regulatory regimes that are conducive to lowering costs, universal broadband may be within reach of most developing countries over the next decade.

5G Technology --- Broadband --- Digital Divide --- ICT Policy and Strategies --- Information and Communication Technologies --- Information Technology --- Telecommunications --- Telecommunications Policy --- Universal Broadband

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In recent years major floods have occurred across Europe causing serious damages and huge financial implications. Flood risk and vulnerability is increasing with increased frequency of occurrence of extreme events due to climate change, changes in land-use, encroachment into floodplains and increasing economic value of assets and businesses. Human lives, property, environment and socio-economics are at increasing risk due to flooding. Recent alarming events in Central Europe, UK and The Netherlands have provided renewed impetus to the development of improved policies and techniques for flood risk management across Europe. Sharing of knowledge and understanding of the practical problems, dilemmas and challenges will aid in the development and implementation of new technologies and strategies of the challenging issues of flood risk management in Europe. This valuable edition brings together 26 peer reviewed articles on technical, socio-economic, environmental and policy aspects of flood risk management. These articles contribute to the five sections with the general themes: i) flood risk management practice, ii) flood events and impacts, iii) flood analysis and modelling iv) flood forecasting and v) flood risk management policy. Some emerging technologies are presented and several future challenges are identified. Audience This book will be of interest to engineers, scientists, planners, policy-makers, researchers, insurance industry and all the practitioners involved in flood risk management, and its sub-disciplines in engineering, hydrology, environmental studies, coastal management, economics and public policy.

Geophysics --- Geology. Earth sciences --- Water supply. Water treatment. Water pollution --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- waterverontreiniging --- milieubeleid --- geologie --- geofysica --- Europe