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Relative to medium-level general education, there is evidence that vocational graduates enjoy a faster transition to work and are more likely to have a permanent first job in line with their qualifications. But there are substantial differences between countries. Benefits for vocational graduates are most prominent in countries with strong vocational education and training systems with a close connection between school- and work-based learning. However, as people age and gain experience, differences between medium-level general education and vocational graduates diminish. This report aims to improve our understanding of labour market outcomes for vocational education graduates. A real need if we are to respond effectively to the current challenges of high unemployment.

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While considerable empirical evidence exists concerning the effectiveness of education in general, there has been less emphasis on understanding, from a comparative European perspective, the effect of the type of education on labour market outcomes for young people. Using data from the EU labour force survey 2009 ad hoc module, this report focuses on the labour market outcomes of VET. Comparing levels and orientations of education, it considers employment, occupation or sector differences, the education-to-work transition process, job quality and the effect on wages. The report underlines that initially VET results in positive labour market outcomes, which should be placed in a longer-term context, given the effect that structural changes in European Union labour markets will have on the demand for occupations in different sectors. (Bron: covertekst)

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This report is the result of an explorative study, carried out at a time when interest in apprenticeship for adults was on the rise and research and evidence on the topic was scarce and fragmented. It has explored the topic from a conceptual and theoretical point of view, reviewing relevant existing research. It has also considered a practical perspective, exploring policies EU countries and four non-EU countries have in place in relation to apprenticeship for adults. It is the first report that addresses the topic from an EU-wide perspective. Largely based on data collected in 2017-18, the report includes findings from a literature review and field work. It confirms that adults increasingly participate in apprenticeship training, often due to policy interventions and measures that have removed barriers to such participation and provided incentives. The study also confirms that EU countries are fundamentally divided into two main apprenticeship function groups, with two different approaches in aiding participation of adults in apprenticeship training