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No Brasil, ela já foi responsável por epidemias em diferentes cidades. Nos últimos dez anos, sua letalidade aumentou em diversas regiões do país. Em várias partes do mundo ela vem se expandindo, inclusive em lugares onde, anteriormente, não havia registro de transmissão. A infecção por parasitos do gênero Leishmania causa uma das doenças tropicais mais negligenciadas da atualidade. Estima-se que existam 350 milhões de pessoas em risco de contrair a infecção, sobretudo nas áreas mais pobres do planeta, e que dois milhões de novos casos de leishmanioses ocorram a cada ano. Esse grave cenário justifica o esforço empreendido pelos organizadores e demais pesquisadores do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz) especialistas no assunto, assim como por profissionais de outras unidades da Fiocruz e instituições brasileiras: eles prepararam uma coletânea que compila o conhecimento já existente sobre o assunto, identifica os principais desafios e discute estratégias para enfrentá-los.
Leishmaniasis --- Parasites --- Diseases. --- Animal parasites --- Animals --- Epizoa --- Parasitic animals --- Parasitic organisms --- Pests --- Protozoan diseases
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Numerical methods of optimisation --- Physical methods for diagnosis --- radiologie --- medische beeldvorming --- kansrekening --- optimalisatie
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In recent years meshless/meshfree methods have gained a considerable attention in engineering and applied mathematics. The variety of problems that are now being addressed by these techniques continues to expand and the quality of the results obtained demonstrates the effectiveness of many of the methods currently available. The book presents a significant sample of the state of the art in the field with methods that have reached a certain level of maturity while also addressing many open issues. The book collects extended original contributions presented at the first ECCOMAS Conference on Meshless Methods held in 2005 in Lisbon. The list of contributors reveals a mix of highly distinguished authors as well as quite young but very active and promising researchers, thus giving the reader an interesting and updated view of different mesh reduction methods and its range of applications. The material presented is appropriate for researchers, engineers, physicists, applied mathematicians and graduate students interested in this active research area.
Meshfree methods (Numerical analysis) --- Finite element method --- Gridless methods (Numerical analysis) --- Meshfree discretization techniques (Numerical analysis) --- Meshless methods (Numerical analysis) --- Numerical analysis --- Mechanical engineering. --- Engineering. --- Numerical analysis. --- Mechanics. --- Mechanics, Applied. --- Computer science --- Algorithms. --- Mechanical Engineering. --- Engineering, general. --- Numerical Analysis. --- Solid Mechanics. --- Computational Mathematics and Numerical Analysis. --- Mathematics. --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Computer mathematics --- Discrete mathematics --- Electronic data processing --- Applied mechanics --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Engineering mathematics --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Mathematical analysis --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Engineering --- Machinery --- Steam engineering --- Foundations --- Mathematics --- Computer mathematics.
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Optimization has become an essential tool in addressing the limitation of resources and need for better decision-making in the medical field. Both continuous and discrete mathematical techniques are playing an increasingly important role in understanding several fundamental problems in medicine. This volume presents a wide range of medical applications that can utilize mathematical computing. Examples include using an algorithm for considering the seed reconstruction problem in brachytherapy and using optimization-classification models to assist in the early prediction, diagnosis and detection of diseases. Discrete optimization techniques and measures derived from the theory of nonlinear dynamics, with analysis of multi-electrode electroencephalographic (EEG) data, assist in predicting impending epileptic seizures. Mathematics in medicine can also be found in recent cancer research. Sophisticated mathematical models and optimization algorithms have been used to generate treatment plans for radionuclide implant and external beam radiation therapy. Optimization techniques have also been used to automate the planning process in Gamma Knife treatment, as well as to address a variety of medical image registration problems. This work grew out of a workshop on optimization which was held during the 2005 CIM Thematic Term on Optimization in Coimbra, Portugal. It provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in optimization in medicine and will serve as an excellent reference for researchers in the medical computing community and for those working in applied mathematics and optimization.
Numerical methods of optimisation --- Physical methods for diagnosis --- radiologie --- medische beeldvorming --- kansrekening --- optimalisatie
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Mathematics --- Mathematical physics --- Computer science --- Computer. Automation --- computers --- wiskunde --- fysica --- computerkunde
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In this book we gather recent mathematical developments and engineering applications of Trefftz methods, with particular emphasis on the Method of Fundamental Solutions (MFS). These are true meshless methods that have the advantage of avoiding the need to set up a mesh altogether, and therefore going beyond the reduction of the mesh to a boundary. These Trefftz methods have advantages in several engineering applications, for instance in inverse problems where the domain is unknown and some numerical methods would require a remeshing approach. Trefftz methods are also known to perform very well with regular domains and regular data in boundary value problems, achieving exponential convergence. On the other hand, they may also under certain conditions, exhibit instabilities and lead to ill-conditioned systems. This book is divided into ten chapters that illustrate recent advances in Trefftz methods and their application to engineering problems. The first eight chapters are devoted to the MFS and variants whereas the last two chapters are devoted to related meshless engineering applications. Part of these selected contributions were presented in the 9th International Conference on Trefftz Methods and 5th International Conference on the MFS, held in 2019, July 29-31, in Lisbon, Portugal.
Mathematics --- Mathematical physics --- Computer science --- Computer. Automation --- computers --- wiskunde --- fysica --- computerkunde
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Geology --- Maps. --- Portugal --- geologisch.
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Droit de la mer --- Droit maritime (droit européen) --- Droit international privé --- Droit maritime --- Law of the sea --- Maritime law --- Conflict of laws --- Droit maritime (Droit international privé) --- Droit de la mer. --- Droit maritime.
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Les récents développements politiques et juridiques en France tendant vers une ratification de la Charte européenne des langues régionales ou minoritaires montrent que la thématique des langues minoritaires, bien qu'elle ne soit pas toujours au premier plan, ne perd jamais de son actualité. Le présent ouvrage résulte d'une recherche pluridisciplinaire menée dans le cadre du Groupe de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les Langues Minoritaires en Europe (GRILME) et du programme Langues minoritaires et marges linguistiques en Europe, soutenu par le Conseil régional d'Aquitaine. Associant des juristes et des linguistes, tant universitaires que praticiens, ce Groupe de travail a organisé de nombreux séminaires et journées d'études autour d'un but commun : identifier et catégoriser les langues minoritaires en Europe occidentale. C'est à partir de ces rencontres, riches et variées, que le présent ouvrage a été conçu. Cette étude fait apparaître une situation contrastée. Si la tendance à la protection des langues minoritaires est désormais généralisée en Europe occidentale, sous l'impulsion notamment du Conseil de l'Europe, la façon dont elles sont appréhendées et protégées varie grandement d'un espace à l'autre, d'une région à l'autre, en fonction de ('Histoire et de la structuration politique.
Language & Linguistics --- langue régionale --- langue minoritaire --- identification --- catégorisation --- protection --- structuration politique --- histoire
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