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This volume addresses economic challenges and policy reforms in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Despite important resources and strategic advantages, the region suffers from a number of economic, social, and political problems that impedes normal economic take-off. The volume contains theoretical and empirical studies covering individual countries and panel studies addressing these economic challenges. Chapters address issues such as economic growth; poverty and inequality; subsidies and public finances policies; external trade and financial liberalization; remittances, corruption, transparency, and institutions; renewable energy, digitalization, terrorism, regional integration, capital flight, money laundering, financial development and brain drain. Providing a comprehensive understanding of the most important and urgent economic challenges in the region, this volume will be a useful reference for researchers and policymakers interested in the MENA region.

Economic order --- Economic growth --- Economic conditions. Economic development --- Developing countries: economic development problems --- Economics --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- World history --- economie --- ontwikkelingssamenwerking --- economische groei --- economische geschiedenis --- economische ontwikkelingen --- milieuzorg --- Middle East --- Economic policy. --- Economic conditions.

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Colonial administrators --- Intellectuals --- Muslim scholars --- Administrateurs coloniaux --- Intellectuels --- Savants musulmans --- Biography --- Biography --- Biography --- Biographies --- Biographies --- Biographies --- Qamar al-Dīn, Aḥmad, --- Comoros --- France --- Comores --- France --- Intellectual life --- Colonies --- Intellectual life. --- Vie intellectuelle --- Colonies --- Vie intellectuelle

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Domestic relations (Islamic law)

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