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Why have Russian generals acquired an important political position since the Soviet Union's collapse while at the same time the effectiveness of their forces has deteriorated? Why have there been no radical defense reforms in Russia since the end of the cold war, even though they were high on the agenda of the country's new president in 2000? Democratic Breakdown and the Decline of the Russian Military explains these puzzles as it paints a comprehensive portrait of Russian military politics. Zoltan Barany identifies three formative moments that gave rise to the Russian dilemma. The first was Gorbachev's decision to invite military participation in Soviet politics. The second was when Yeltsin acquiesced to a new political system that gave generals a legitimate political presence. The third was when Putin not only failed to press for needed military reforms but elevated numerous high-ranking officers to prominent positions in the federal administration. Included here are Barany's insightful analysis of crisis management following the sinking of the Kursk submarine, a systematic comparison of the Soviet/Russian armed forces in 1985 and the present, and compelling accounts of the army's political role, the elusive defense reform, and the relationship between politicians and generals. Barany offers a rare look at the world of contemporary military politics in an increasingly authoritarian state. Destined to become a classic in post-Soviet studies, this book reminds us of the importance of the separation of powers as a means to safeguard democracy.
Polemology --- Russian Federation --- Civil-military relations --- Relations pouvoir civil-pouvoir militaire --- Russia (Federation). --- Reorganization. --- Political activity. --- Russia (Federation) --- Russie --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement --- Reorganization --- Political activity --- 876 Veiligheidspolitiek --- 884.1 Oost-Europa --- 841.1 Democratisering --- #SBIB:328H262 --- #SBIB:327.5H30 --- Instellingen en beleid: Rusland en het GOS --- Militaire organisaties – leger- stijdkracht --- #SBIB:327.5H30Instellingen en beleid: Rusland en het GOS --- Russia --- Soviet Union. --- Armed Forces --- Rossiyskaya Federatsiya --- Rossiya (Federation) --- Rossii︠a︡ (Federation) --- Российская Федерация --- Rossiĭskai︠a︡ Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Російська Федерація --- Rosiĭsʹka Federat︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Federazione della Russia --- Russische Föderation --- RF --- Federation of Russia --- Urysye Federat︠s︡ie --- Правительство России --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossii --- Правительство Российской Федерации --- Pravitelʹstvo Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii --- Правительство РФ --- Pravitelʹstvo RF --- Rosja (Federation) --- O-lo-ssu (Federation) --- Roshia Renpō --- Federazione russa --- OKhU --- Orosyn Kholboony Uls --- Russian S.F.S.R. --- Civil-military relations - Russia (Federation) --- Russia (Federation) - Politics and government - 1991 --- -Polemology --- -Civil-military relations
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In 1999 three East-Central European states (Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic) gained membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Professor Barany argues that, once it began, the Alliance should continue the enlargement process. Nevertheless he maintains that only states that satisfy NATO's membership criteria should be allowed to join. Through an extensive analysis of four countries, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia who, at the time of the book's original publication in 2003 were NATO aspirants, Barany demonstrates that they were in several important respects unprepared for membership and that there was no pressing reason for NATO's haste. Barany argues that while NATO should be clear that its doors remain open to qualified candidates, the Alliance should hold off further expansion until prospective members will become assets rather than liabilities.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization-- Europe, Eastern. --- Military & Naval Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Armies --- North Atlantic Treaty Organization --- Membership. --- Europe, Eastern --- Defenses. --- North Atlantic treaty organisation --- East Europe --- Eastern Europe --- NAVO --- OTAN --- #SBIB:041.AANKOOP --- #SBIB:327.7H32 --- #SBIB:REFCOLL2003 --- Bondgenootschappen: NAVO / NATO --- NATO --- Social Sciences --- Political Science
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This 2001 book is an attempt by a social scientist to explain the predicament of Gypsies (or Roma), Eastern Europe's largest ethnic minority, and their relationship to the region's states and societies. Barany examines the Gypsies' socioeconomic and political marginality and policies toward them through seven centuries and in seven East European states. He illuminates the reasons why the Roma have consistently occupied the bottom of social, economic, and political hierarchies regardless of historical period or geographic location. Barany argues that the current nostalgia of many Gypsies for the socialist period is easy to understand, given the disastrous effect of the post-communist socioeconomic transformation on the Roma's conditions over the last decade. He explains the impact of Gypsy political mobilization, and the activities of international organizations and NGOs, on government policies. This pioneering multidisciplinary work will engage political scientists, sociologists and historians, as well as students of ethnic and racial studies.
Romanies --- Tsiganes --- History --- Histoire --- -#SBIB:340H85 --- #SBIB:327.6H02 --- Bohemians (Romanies) --- Gipsies --- Gitanos --- Gypsies --- Kalderash --- Manush --- Roma (People) --- Romani --- Sinti --- Internationaal recht: bijzondere vraagstukken: minderheden --- Internationale problemen: bijzondere vraagstukken --- #SBIB:328H27 --- #SBIB:340H85 --- Nomads --- Instellingen en beleid: Midden- en Centraal Europa: algemeen --- History. --- Social Sciences --- Political Science
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The Soldier and the Changing State is the first book to systematically explore, on a global scale, civil-military relations in democratizing and changing states. Looking at how armies supportive of democracy are built, Zoltan Barany argues that the military is the most important institution that states maintain, for without military elites who support democratic governance, democracy cannot be consolidated. Barany also demonstrates that building democratic armies is the quintessential task of newly democratizing regimes. But how do democratic armies come about? What conditions encourage or impede democratic civil-military relations? And how can the state ensure the allegiance of its soldiers? Barany examines the experiences of developing countries and the armed forces in the context of major political change in six specific settings: in the wake of war and civil war, after military and communist regimes, and following colonialism and unification/apartheid. He evaluates the army-building and democratization experiences of twenty-seven countries and explains which predemocratic settings are most conducive to creating a military that will support democracy. Highlighting important factors and suggesting which reforms can be expected to work and fail in different environments, he offers practical policy recommendations to state-builders and democratizers.
Armed Forces --- Civil-military relations --- Armed Services --- Military, The --- Military art and science --- Disarmament --- Military and civilian power --- Military-civil relations --- Executive power --- Sociology, Military --- Military government --- Reorganization --- 1947 Partition. --- Argentina. --- Bangladesh. --- Bosnia and Herzegovina. --- Botswana. --- British colonial rule. --- Chile. --- Cold War. --- El Salvador. --- European Union. --- Germany. --- Ghana. --- Greece. --- Guatemala. --- Hezbollah. --- Hungary. --- India independence. --- Indonesia. --- Japan. --- Lebanese Armed Forces. --- Lebanese civil war. --- NATO. --- Pakistan independence. --- Portugal. --- Portuguese civilЭilitary relations. --- Romania. --- Royal Thai Armed Forces. --- Russia. --- Russian military politics. --- Shi'a Islamist organization. --- Slovenia. --- South Africa. --- South Korea. --- Soviet Union. --- Spain. --- Spanish military. --- Tanzania. --- Territorial Defense Force. --- Thailand. --- Yemen. --- apartheid. --- armed forces. --- army building. --- authoritarianism. --- civil war. --- civilian control. --- civilЭilitary relations. --- civiЭilitary relations. --- colonialism. --- communism. --- communist regime. --- consolidated democracy. --- democracy. --- democratic armies. --- democratic army. --- democratic civilЭilitary relations. --- democratic control. --- democratic governance. --- democratic regimes. --- democratic transition. --- democratization. --- democratizing regimes. --- fascist dictatorship. --- formative moments. --- free elections. --- military dictators. --- military elites. --- military politics. --- military rule. --- party-state. --- political autonomy. --- political environments. --- political presence. --- postcommunism. --- postwar Germany. --- praetorian elites. --- praetorianism. --- regime change. --- reunification. --- single political entity. --- state formation. --- state transformation. --- state-builders. --- war.
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The six monarchies on the Arabian Peninsula have devoted enormous sums to defense in past decades. Nevertheless, the gap between their expensive armaments and their capacity to deter aggression and/or project military strength has narrowed but little in that time. This Element takes a political economy approach and argues that structural factors inherent in the Gulf states' political systems prohibit civilian oversight of the defense sector and are responsible for this outcome. Lax restraints on military outlays, in turn, enable widespread corruption, lead to large-scale waste, and account for the purchasing of unneeded, unsuitable, and incompatible weapons systems. The Element explores the challenges caused by plummeting oil prices and the resulting budget cuts and considers the development of domestic defense industries in Saudi Arabia and the UAE, intended as a part of their economic diversification program. The setbacks of the Saudi-led coalition's on-going war in Yemen starkly illustrate the narrative.
Defense industries --- Armaments industries --- Arms sales --- Military sales --- Military supplies industry --- Munitions --- Sale of military equipment --- Industries --- Arms transfers
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'Armies of Arabia' comprehensively analyzes the armed forces of the Gulf monarchies. Zoltan Barany explains the conspicuous ineffectiveness of Gulf militaries with a combination of political-structural and sociocultural factors. Following a brief exposition on their historical evolution, he explores the region's six armies of the region comparatively, through the lenses of military politics, sociology, economics, and diplomacy. The book's themes come together in the last chapter that critically evaluates the Saudi and Emirati armed forces' record in the on-going war in Yemen.
Persian Gulf Region --- Arabian Peninsula --- Defenses. --- Armed Forces. --- Arabia --- Military readiness. --- Armaments --- Defense readiness --- Defenses, National --- Military preparedness --- National defenses --- Preparedness (Military science) --- Readiness (Military science) --- Military policy --- Arms control --- Arms race --- Disarmament --- Manpower --- Arabie (Péninsule) --- Arabian Peninsula. --- Middle East --- Armed Forces --- History. --- Military policy. --- History, Military. --- Forces armées --- Histoire. --- Politique militaire. --- Histoire militaire.
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What went wrong in Russia's decade-old post-communist transition? A group of leading young scholars answer this question by offering assessments of five crucial political arenas during the Yeltsin era: elections, executive-legislative relations, interactions between the central state and the regions, economic reforms, and civil-military relations. All of the contributors recognize that adverse historical legacies have complicated Russian democratization. They challenge structural explanations that emphasize constraints of the pre-existing system, however, and concentrate instead on the importance of elite decisions and institution-building. The authors agree that elites' failure to develop robust political institutions has been a central problem of Russia's post-communist transition. The weakness of the state and its institutions has contributed to a number of serious problems threatening democratic consolidation. These include the tensions between the executive and the legislature, the frail infrastructure for successful market reform, and the absence of proper civilian control over the armed forces.
Democracy --- Post-communism --- Démocratie --- Postcommunisme --- Russia (Federation) --- Russie --- Politics and government --- Economic policy --- Politique et gouvernement --- Politique économique --- #SBIB:328H262 --- -Post-communism --- -Postcommunism --- World politics --- Communism --- Self-government --- Political science --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- Instellingen en beleid: Rusland en het GOS --- -Russia (Federation) --- -Politics and government --- -Economic policy --- -Democracy --- -Instellingen en beleid: Rusland en het GOS --- Démocratie --- Politique économique --- 1991 --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich, --- Putin, Wladimir Wladimirowitsch, --- Putin, Volodymyr, --- Pujing, --- Poutine, Vladimir Vladimirovitch, --- Путин, Владимир Владимирович, --- Putinas, Vladimiras, --- Putin, V. V. --- Poetin, Vladimir Vladimirovitsj,
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