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Continuous improvement in MRI technology in recent years has led to the application of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in organ systems outside the brain. Extra-Cranial Applications of Diffusion-Weighted MRI provides an extensive review of current and future applications of this imaging modality by world-renowned experts. Organized by organ system, each chapter is highly illustrated, offering a balance of protocols, illustrations and principles of image interpretation. An initial chapter provides an overview of relevant physics and other technical details, followed by detailed chapters on all major body systems including liver, kidney, prostate, breast and spine. A final chapter discusses assessment of therapy response. Written and edited by leading DW-MRI experts worldwide, Extra-Cranial Applications of Diffusion-Weighted MRI is an invaluable resource for radiology trainees, practising radiologists and for researchers in a wide variety of disciplines.

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging.

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Background: New techniques o fMRI and specially diffusion weighted MR imaging are able to perform a tractographic analysis of white matter tracts. Those technics allow to identify the position of tract close to brain lesions. Objective: The aim of the study is to identify precisely the position of a fiber tract lying near to a brain lesion, to investigate the implication of the diffusion tensor imagings tractography in the preoperative strategy and finally to evaluate this impact on the prognosis. Materials and methods: 20 patients with a tumoral or epileptic lesion underwent diffusion tensor imaging. Among these 20 patients, 3 fiber tracts were studied: the pyramidal, arcuate and visual tract. At least one of these three tracts situated near or in contact with the lesion was reconstructed in 3D. The reconstruction and the analysis of diffusion tensor data were performed using a workstation which can be viewed in 3D. 17 patients with lesions near to a fiber tract but who did flot benefit from the diffusion tensor imaging, were included as a control group. Results: The analysis of diffusion tensor data has permitted to identify the position of the fiber tract close to the lesion precisely. Tractography has resulted in a change in the surgical approach in 20%; it has redefined the extent of resection in 35% of cases and therefore had a global impact on the surgical procedure in 55% of cases. The percentage of new deficit or worsening of the pre-existing ones was 6.25% in DTI patients and 17% in the controls patients. Conclusion: Tractography by diffusion tensor imaging is a technique which can accurately identify the position of the cerebral white matter fiber tracts. It regularly influences the surgical procedure and decreased the neurological deficits at 3 months. This imaging technique provides a new perspective in understanding normal and pathological processes which affect the human brain Contexte : De nouvelles techniques d’imagerie par résonnance magnétique et plus particulièrement les séquences de diffusion permettent de réaliser une tractographie des fibres de substance blanche. Ceci permet d’identifier des faisceaux d’intérêts et des les situer par rapport à des lésions cérébrales. Objectifs: le but de l’étude est d’identifier de façon précise la position d’une lésion cérébrale par rapport au faisceau de fibre avoisinant, d’évaluer l’influence de la tractographie par imagerie du tenseur de diffusion dans la stratégie préopératoire et enfin d’estimer si ceci permet d’améliorer le pronostic. Matériels et méthodes : 20 patients avec une lésion tumorale ou épileptogène ont bénéficié de l’imagerie du tenseur de diffusion. Chez ces 20 patients, 3 faisceaux ont été étudiés: le pyramidal, l’arqué et le visuel. Au moins un de ces trois faisceaux a été reconstruit en 3D lorsqu’il(s) étai(en)t à proximité ou en contact avec la lésion. Cette reconstruction et l’analyse des données du tenseur de diffusion ont été effectuées à l’aide d’une station de travail permettant leur visualisation en 3D. 17 patients ayant une lésion dans le voisinage des faisceaux de fibres mais n’ayant pas bénéficié de l’imagerie du tenseur de diffusion constituent un groupe contrôle. Résultats : L’analyse des données du tenseur de diffusion a permis d’identifier la localisation précise des faisceaux par rapport à la lésion. La tractographie a entrainé une modification l’approche chirurgicale dans 20%, elle a redéfini l’étendue de résection dans 35% des cas et a donc eu un impact globale sur la procédure chirurgicale dans 55% des cas. Le pourcentage de nouveau déficit ou d’aggravation à 3 mois de ceux préexistants était de 6,25% chez les patients DTI et de 17% chez les coi3trôles. Conclusion : La tractographie par imagerie du tenseur de diffusion est une technique qui permet d’identifier de façon précise la position des faisceaux de substance blanche cérébrale. Elle influence de manière non négligeable la procédure chirurgicale et réduit les déficits à 3 mois. Cette technique d’imagerie offre une perspective nouvelle dans la compréhension du fonctionnement normal et des processus pathologiques qui affectent le cerveau humain

Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging --- Diffusion Tensor Imaging

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This dissertation by Xuan Gu presents advanced methods for analyzing diffusion MRI data, focusing on structural connectivity in the human brain. It addresses challenges such as geometric distortions and head motion, proposing a deep learning approach to synthesize diffusion scalar maps for correction purposes. The work evaluates six distortion correction methods using both simulated and real data. It also explores uncertainties in diffusion model estimation and introduces frequentistic and Bayesian techniques to provide uncertainty estimates. These methods are crucial for improving the reliability of tractography in studying neurological disorders. The dissertation is intended for researchers and professionals in biomedical engineering and neuroscience.

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. --- Brain mapping.

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Since its initial development in the mid-1980's, and wide accessibility to perform diffusion MRI on all MRI scanners, the use of diffusion MRI has exploded. Nearly every MRI centre carries out diffusion MRI of some kind. Obtaining good quality diffusion MRI and making sound and robust inferences from the data is not trivial, however, and involves a long chain of events from ensuring that the hardware is performing optimally, the pulse sequence is carefully designed, the acquisition is optimal, the data quality is maximized while artifacts are minimized, the appropriate post-processing is used,

Brain --- Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. --- Magnetic resonance imaging.

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Diffusion MRI remains the most comprehensive reference for understanding this rapidly evolving and powerful technology and is an essential handbook for designing, analyzing, and interpreting diffusion MR experiments. Diffusion imaging provides a unique window on human brain anatomy. This non-invasive technique continues to grow in popularity as a way to study brain pathways that could never before be investigated in vivo. This book covers the fundamental theory of diffusion imaging, discusses its most promising applications to basic and clinical neuroscience, and intro

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. --- Diffusion-weighted imaging --- Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging --- Magnetic resonance imaging