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The focus of this Special Issue was on biomass ash valorization with respect to their potential for various material applications. Most of the publications in this Special Issue focused on the production of biogenic silica with different properties. Additionally, some of the publications considered application of biomass ashes and biochar as a fertilizer, for soil amendment and recovery of ash forming elements such as N and P, as well as the application of biomass feedstocks in biofuel production.Accordingly, ashes produced from the thermochemical conversion of agricultural residues have high potential to be utilized for different material applications. However, local availability, as well as scaling up the process and life-cycle assessment should be considered prior to the utilization of these materials. Furthermore, densification as a mechanical pre-treatment can be crucial to improve the fuel properties, while purification of some of the ash forming elements, such as calcium, potassium, and prosperous should also not be disregarded in future investigations.

Technology: general issues --- rice husk --- rice husk ash --- silica --- engineered particle --- bottom-up process --- silica extraction --- valorization --- agricultural byproduct --- sustainable material --- biomass --- renewable material --- biogenic amorphous silica --- green chemistry --- maize leaves --- sugarcane fiber --- sugarcane leaves --- sugarcane pith --- biorefinery --- multi-objectives RSM --- nano-silica --- de-ashing --- cellulose crystals --- carbon nanotubes --- cellulose --- sugarcane bagasse --- capacitance --- maize straw --- acid leaching --- ash --- pyrolysis --- nitrogen conversion --- wood ash --- fertilizer --- heat and power plants --- heavy metals --- nutrients --- German fertilizer legislation --- alkaline leaching --- continuous process --- bio-based material --- waste --- exhausted grape marc --- biochar --- soil amendment --- biogas --- lifecycle assessment --- greenhouse gas emissions --- mitigation potential --- GHG mitigation costs --- manure --- biomethane --- RED II --- EU ETS --- smoldering --- high moisture content --- specific surface area --- rice straw --- nanosilica --- methylene blue --- zero waste generation --- decolorization --- SDGs --- municipal sewage sludge --- energy recovery --- phosphorus recovery --- techno-economic analysis --- mono-combustion --- co-combustion

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The circular economy, as a new business model that is different from the economy, can achieve the reuse and recycling of waste for waste minimization, improve the efficiency of resource utilization, and mitigate carbon emissions. It is no doubt that promoting the development of the circular economy can facilitate the transition to low-carbon processes and carbon-neutral development. However, there are still several questions that need to be answered: (1) How can the circular economy contribute to a low-carbon transition? (2) How do we address the fact that the circular economy model may also cause some new environmental problems, and how should we identify what the most environmentally friendly solution is among multiple alternatives for the circular economy? (3) Governmental regulation, policies and incentives play a significant role in promoting the development of the circular economy, so what are the policy instruments that can contribute to its development? (4) How can technological progress and solutions contribute to the circular economy? (5) How can environmental impact assessments contribute to the circular economy? (6) How can we achieve a circular economy or low-carbon transition through changes in consumption behaviors? In order to answer the above-mentioned questions, we launched a Special Issue in Energies. There are a total of six papers published in this Special Issue. This e-book collects these papers to build a platform for sharing advanced concepts, tools and methods for the users to take actions to achieve a circular economy.

carbon label --- bibliometric analysis --- CiteSpace --- carbon labeling scheme --- purchase intention --- willingness to pay --- eco-efficiency --- environmental impact --- GHG emissions --- energy consumption --- food chain --- short food supply chains (SFSCs) --- Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) --- rice husk --- gasification --- CHP --- Aspen Plus --- simulation --- economic assessment --- circular economy --- low-carbon energy --- waste-based bioenergy --- resource efficiency --- product policy --- energy efficiency --- digitalization --- life cycle assessment --- easy-to-repair design --- built environment --- gas boilers --- heat pumps --- n/a

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The kidney performs important functions in the human body and can inflict either acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD). AKI can be induced by kidney ischemia, drugs such as cisplatin, and heavy metals such as cadmium and arsenic. CKD can be induced by drugs, heavy metals, hypertension, and diabetes, as well as cancer. Importantly, nearly all kidney disorders have been shown to involve redox imbalance, reductive stress, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial abnormalities such as impaired mitochondrial homeostasis, including disrupted mitophagy and deranged mitochondrial unfolded protein responses. Understanding how these redox-related dysregulated pathways operate may give us new insights into how to design novel approaches to fighting kidney disease. This Special Issue of Biomolecules entitled “Redox imbalance and mitochondrial abnormalities in kidney disease” covers a variety of topics focusing on oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and antioxidation enhancement implicated in kidney disease or kidney transplantation.

Medicine --- Pharmacology --- diabetic kidney disease --- caloric restriction --- NADH/NAD+ --- redox imbalance --- mitochondrial homeostasis --- mitophagy --- oxidative stress --- kidney allograft --- kidney rejection --- ischemia --- acute kidney injury (AKI) --- chronic kidney disease (CKD) --- tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle --- mitochondrial metabolism --- mitochondrial redox signaling --- mitochondrial proteins --- oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) --- fatty acid (FA) β-oxidation --- mitochondrial dynamics --- biogenesis --- diabetes --- kidney --- mitochondria --- Oryza sativa --- rice husk --- TCA cycle metabolites --- kidney diseases --- renalase --- chronic kidney disease --- major adverse cardiovascular outcomes --- cadmium --- kidney injury --- renal toxicity --- oxidative damage --- proximal tubule --- controlled oxygenated rewarming --- mitochondrial uncoupling --- rewarming injury --- temperature paradox --- redox --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- SGLT2 --- mitochondrial reactive oxygen species --- Warburg effect --- podocytopathies --- mitochondrial oxidative stress --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- antioxidant defense --- cell death --- n/a

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The kidney performs important functions in the human body and can inflict either acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD). AKI can be induced by kidney ischemia, drugs such as cisplatin, and heavy metals such as cadmium and arsenic. CKD can be induced by drugs, heavy metals, hypertension, and diabetes, as well as cancer. Importantly, nearly all kidney disorders have been shown to involve redox imbalance, reductive stress, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial abnormalities such as impaired mitochondrial homeostasis, including disrupted mitophagy and deranged mitochondrial unfolded protein responses. Understanding how these redox-related dysregulated pathways operate may give us new insights into how to design novel approaches to fighting kidney disease. This Special Issue of Biomolecules entitled “Redox imbalance and mitochondrial abnormalities in kidney disease” covers a variety of topics focusing on oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and antioxidation enhancement implicated in kidney disease or kidney transplantation.

diabetic kidney disease --- caloric restriction --- NADH/NAD+ --- redox imbalance --- mitochondrial homeostasis --- mitophagy --- oxidative stress --- kidney allograft --- kidney rejection --- ischemia --- acute kidney injury (AKI) --- chronic kidney disease (CKD) --- tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle --- mitochondrial metabolism --- mitochondrial redox signaling --- mitochondrial proteins --- oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) --- fatty acid (FA) β-oxidation --- mitochondrial dynamics --- biogenesis --- diabetes --- kidney --- mitochondria --- Oryza sativa --- rice husk --- TCA cycle metabolites --- kidney diseases --- renalase --- chronic kidney disease --- major adverse cardiovascular outcomes --- cadmium --- kidney injury --- renal toxicity --- oxidative damage --- proximal tubule --- controlled oxygenated rewarming --- mitochondrial uncoupling --- rewarming injury --- temperature paradox --- redox --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- SGLT2 --- mitochondrial reactive oxygen species --- Warburg effect --- podocytopathies --- mitochondrial oxidative stress --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- antioxidant defense --- cell death --- n/a

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The kidney performs important functions in the human body and can inflict either acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD). AKI can be induced by kidney ischemia, drugs such as cisplatin, and heavy metals such as cadmium and arsenic. CKD can be induced by drugs, heavy metals, hypertension, and diabetes, as well as cancer. Importantly, nearly all kidney disorders have been shown to involve redox imbalance, reductive stress, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial abnormalities such as impaired mitochondrial homeostasis, including disrupted mitophagy and deranged mitochondrial unfolded protein responses. Understanding how these redox-related dysregulated pathways operate may give us new insights into how to design novel approaches to fighting kidney disease. This Special Issue of Biomolecules entitled “Redox imbalance and mitochondrial abnormalities in kidney disease” covers a variety of topics focusing on oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and antioxidation enhancement implicated in kidney disease or kidney transplantation.

Medicine --- Pharmacology --- diabetic kidney disease --- caloric restriction --- NADH/NAD+ --- redox imbalance --- mitochondrial homeostasis --- mitophagy --- oxidative stress --- kidney allograft --- kidney rejection --- ischemia --- acute kidney injury (AKI) --- chronic kidney disease (CKD) --- tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle --- mitochondrial metabolism --- mitochondrial redox signaling --- mitochondrial proteins --- oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) --- fatty acid (FA) β-oxidation --- mitochondrial dynamics --- biogenesis --- diabetes --- kidney --- mitochondria --- Oryza sativa --- rice husk --- TCA cycle metabolites --- kidney diseases --- renalase --- chronic kidney disease --- major adverse cardiovascular outcomes --- cadmium --- kidney injury --- renal toxicity --- oxidative damage --- proximal tubule --- controlled oxygenated rewarming --- mitochondrial uncoupling --- rewarming injury --- temperature paradox --- redox --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- SGLT2 --- mitochondrial reactive oxygen species --- Warburg effect --- podocytopathies --- mitochondrial oxidative stress --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- antioxidant defense --- cell death