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The German language, due to its verb-final nature, relatively free order of constituents and morphological Case system, poses challenges for models of human syntactic processing which have mainly been developed on the basis of head-initial languages with little or no morphological Case. The verb-final order means that the parser has to make predictions about the input before receiving the verb. What are these predictions? What happens when the predictions turn out to be wrong? Furthermore, the German morphological Case system contains ambiguities. How are these ambiguities resolved under the normal time pressure in comprehension? Based on theoretical as well as experimental work, the present monograph develops a detailed account of the processing steps that underly language comprehension. At its core is a model of linking noun phrases to arguments of the verb in the developing phrase structure and checking the result with respect to features such as person, number and Case. This volume contains detailed introductions to human syntactic processing as well as to German syntax which will be helpful especially for readers less familiar with psycholinguistics and with Germanic.
German language --- Psycholinguistics. --- Case. --- Syntax. --- Language, Psychology of --- Language and languages --- Psychology of language --- Speech --- Linguistics --- Psychology --- Thought and thinking --- Psychological aspects --- Germanic languages. --- Grammar, Comparative and general. --- Germanic Languages. --- Teutonic languages --- Indo-European languages --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Philosophical grammar --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative --- Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax --- Syntax
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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 22nd Ada-Europe International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies, Ada-Europe 2017, held in Vienna, Austria, in June 2017. The revised 15 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 37 submissions. They are organized in topical sections on runtimes, safety and security, timing verification, programming models, the future of safety-minded languages, mixed criticality.
Computer science. --- Special purpose computers. --- Software engineering. --- Programming languages (Electronic computers). --- Operating systems (Computers). --- Computer logic. --- Computer Science. --- Programming Languages, Compilers, Interpreters. --- Software Engineering. --- Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems. --- Logics and Meanings of Programs. --- Operating Systems. --- Computer science logic --- Computer operating systems --- Computers --- Disk operating systems --- Computer software engineering --- Special purpose computers --- Informatics --- Computer languages --- Computer program languages --- Computer programming languages --- Machine language --- Operating systems --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Systems software --- Engineering --- Science --- Electronic data processing --- Languages, Artificial --- Logic design. --- Design, Logic --- Design of logic systems --- Digital electronics --- Electronic circuit design --- Logic circuits --- Machine theory --- Switching theory
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Psycholinguistics --- Linguistics --- Germanic languages --- taalfamilies --- syntaxis --- psycholinguïstiek
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Building the City Together explores the topic of action in public space, through the scope of a common space for living, working and thinking together designed and built on the Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt in 2014. The Osthang Summer School, curated by raumlaborberlin, invited 60 participants to settle there for three weeks as a new artist colony. Artists? Or were they architects, furniture makers, landscape designers, cooks, or maybe civilians? This publication contains introductions to the five structures built on the Osthang, including interviews with and text by the individuals involved in the projects, as well as three conversations with professionals reflecting on three aspects of participative projects in urban context: Experimental Architecture, Commoning and Cooperation, and Incremental Urbanism.
711.4 --- 373.67 --- 504 --- The Osthang Project --- Darmstadt --- raumlaborberlin --- Raumlabor --- 711.4(C)(430) --- Stedenbouw --- Studentenprojecten --- Onderzoek (stedenbouw) --- Ecologisch bouwen --- Environmental planning --- architecture [discipline] --- citizen participation --- urban design --- experimental buildings --- temporary structures --- public spaces --- sustainable architecture
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The German language, due to its verb-final nature, relatively free order of constituents and morphological Case system, poses challenges for models of human syntactic processing which have mainly been developed on the basis of head-initial languages with little or no morphological Case. The verb-final order means that the parser has to make predictions about the input before receiving the verb. What are these predictions? What happens when the predictions turn out to be wrong? Furthermore, the German morphological Case system contains ambiguities. How are these ambiguities resolved under the normal time pressure in comprehension? Based on theoretical as well as experimental work, the present monograph develops a detailed account of the processing steps that underly language comprehension. At its core is a model of linking noun phrases to arguments of the verb in the developing phrase structure and checking the result with respect to features such as person, number and Case. This volume contains detailed introductions to human syntactic processing as well as to German syntax which will be helpful especially for readers less familiar with psycholinguistics and with Germanic.
Psycholinguistics --- Linguistics --- Germanic languages --- taalfamilies --- syntaxis --- psycholinguïstiek
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The first instalment of the ‘Urban School Ruhr’ series, this volume draws from and reflects upon the learning platform’s experiences to date, while also looking to the future of urban practice in contemporary cities. It asks how we can best learn city-making, as well as how we might understand the political concept of communing for this purpose. Additionally, it explores the dialogue around intervention as a strategy for enacting urban change. A range of contributors build upon Urban School Ruhr’s foundational belief that experts and amateurs can together enact a space of critical exchange and knowledge transfer. Conversation, after all, is the first step to co-producing cities.
373.67 --- 711.4 --- 72.031.4 --- 711.12 --- Stedenbouw ; theorie ; 21ste eeuw --- Architectuuronderwijs --- Architectuuronderzoek --- Stedenbouw (theorie) --- Vernaculaire architectuur --- Stedenbouw. Ruimtelijke ordening ; planningtheorie ; methoden en technieken ; participatie --- Onderwijs ; kunst- architectuuronderwijs --- Architecture --- architectuurfilosofie
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De publicatie House of Time, on living in the now is een terugblik op het gelijknamige sociaal-artistieke project dat in 2017 in Brugge werd opgestart. Het vertelt over een plek waar jongeren kunnen zijn, nadenken over verandering en vooral: leven in het nu door het collectief vorm te geven. Door er samen te ontwerpen en bouwen, worden er banden gesmeed, talenten ontdekt en veranderingsprocessen – klein of groot – op gang gezet. Het sociaal-artistiek project, opgestart in 2017 door het Berlijnse architectencollectief raumlabor en Brugge(n) voor jongeren, heeft na Triënnale Brugge 2018 een vervolgverhaal gekregen en wordt lokaal verdergezet. In een jaar tijd heeft deze gemeenplaats voor en door Brugse (kwetsbare) jongeren veel teweeg gebracht; voor hen, de buurt en haar bezoekers. Dit proces is nu tastbaar gemaakt in een publicatie House of Time, on living in the now, die ons een jaar na de opening van het project meeneemt in het sociaal-, ontwerp- en bouwproces dat de site van september 2017 tot september 2018 heeft ondergaan.
72.07 --- Kunst in de stad ; Brugge ; Triënnale ; 2018 --- Kunsttheorie ; over sociaal-artistieke praktijk --- Architectuur en stedenbouw ; voor jongeren --- Publieke ruimte ; sociale projecten ; participatie --- Architectuur ; participatie van de bevolking --- Architecten. Stedenbouwkundigen --- Raumlabor ; Berlijns collectief met maatschappijgerichte projecten --- 7.039 --- Triënnale van Brugge --- kunst --- Brugge --- kunst en architectuur --- stedenbouw --- raumlabor --- architectuur --- BelgIë --- kunst en openbare ruimte --- stedelijkheid --- Triennale Brugge --- 72.078 --- Architectuurtentoonstellingen --- Artistic collaboration --- Architecture and society --- Schepping (Literaire, artistieke, enz.) --- Persoonlijke getuigenissen [Belgische ] --- Brugge (België)
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Based in Berlin, the raumlabor collective operates at the intersection of architecture, city planning, art, and intervention in the city fabric. Their work addresses space, the city, and urban planning as both a cultural project and a process. "No Trust, No City!" was the longtime credo on their website; "Some Ideas for Better Cities" was their first joint lecture series; and Acting in Public was their first book. For over twenty years, the architecture collective raumlaborberlin has been searching for new spaces of encounter and for ways of achieving cooperative urban development. Together with experts from various disciplines, they experiment with new forms of urban practice, participation, and the joint production of space. Polylemma explores the work of the collective from diverse perspectives. Its nine members visit the sites of their work, come together with long-standing colleagues and critics, dissect the mechanisms behind their actions, and reflect on the tools and methods of their research-based practice. Examining numerous projects, they discuss strategies for learning together, experimental building, radical recycling, and cooperative urban development. The book is a call to action: space becomes an actor that fundamentally questions design itself and the role of architects. It offers an extensive collection of photos and drawings, analyses and ideas, tutorials and building instructions, that continually test and explore the parameters for action in urban space. Polylemma asks: How do we want to live together in the future? It is a request to think space openly; a plea for the city as a sphere of action.
Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Architecture --- urban planning --- temporary buildings --- public spaces --- artists' collectives --- sustainable architecture --- raumlaborberlin
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In the 1980's generative grammar recognized that functional material is able to project syntactic structure in conformity with the X-bar-format. This insight soon led to a considerable increase in the inventory of functional projections. The basic idea behind this line of theorizing, which goes by the name of cartography, is that sentence structure can be represented as a template of linearly ordered positions, each with their own syntactic and semantic import. In recent years, however, a number of problems have been raised for this approach. For example, certain combinations of syntactic elements cannot be linearly ordered. In light of such problems a number of alternative accounts have been explored. Some of them propose a new (often interface-related) trigger for movement, while others seek alternative means of accounting for various word order patterns. These alternatives to cartography do not form a homogeneous group, nor has there thus far been a forum where these ideas could be compared and confronted with one another. This volume fills that gap. It offers a varied and in-depth view on the position taken by a substantial number of researchers in the field today on what is presumably one of the most hotly debated and controversial issues in present-day generative grammar.
Grammar, Comparative and general --- Generative grammar. --- Phrase structure grammar. --- Constituent structure grammar --- Grammar, Phrase structure --- Generative grammar --- Grammar, Generative --- Grammar, Transformational --- Grammar, Transformational generative --- Transformational generative grammar --- Transformational grammar --- Psycholinguistics --- Language and languages --- Word order --- Order (Grammar) --- Word order. --- Derivation --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Syntax. --- cartography.
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