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Contexte Les sols de potagers urbains et périurbains sont des systèmes complexes encore peu étudiés jusqu’à aujourd’hui et sont souvent le reflet des activités industrielles actuelles et passées. La présence d’éléments traces dans les sols n’est pas un problème à minimiser compte tenu des transferts sol - plante possibles, mettant à mal à la sécurité de la chaîne alimentaire. En réponse à cette problématique, la phytoextraction gagne en succès comme perspective de décontamination plus respectueuse de l’environnement et moins impactante sur le plan économique.
Objectifs Les objectifs de ce travail sont : i) étudier l’effet de la présence d’une plante extractrice, Helianthus annuus L. ou Brassica juncea (L.) Czern, sur la capacité de Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris, en culture associée, à extraire les formes mobiles des éléments traces présents dans un sol multi-contaminé urbain, ii) identifier le potentiel stabilisateur ou mobilisateur de l’ajout de compost de déchets verts et de biochar sur les formes mobiles ou facilement disponibles des éléments traces présents dans le sol, iii) évaluer les impacts de l’ajout de compost de déchets verts et de biochar sur la capacité des végétaux cultivés à extraire les éléments traces.
Méthodes Une expérience en pots et en champ a été mise en place sur une période de 14 semaines. L’expérience in situ a pris place dans un jardin potager, le Potager Saint – Germain, situé à Soiron (Province de Liège, Belgique) sur cinq zones dont l’horizon cultivé (0 – 20 cm) présente des niveaux de contamination différents en Zn, Cd et Pb. Le sol utilisé dans les pots provenait d’une de ces dernières. Les expérimentations consistent en une culture associée entre du tournesol ou de la moutarde et des bettes, sur un sol préalablement amendé avec du compost de déchets verts ou du biochar. La fraction soluble, disponible et pseudo-totale en éléments traces dans le sol ainsi que le pH et le COT ont été quantifiés. Les teneurs retrouvées dans la biomasse aérienne des plantes récoltées ont également été mesurées.
Résultats De manière générale, la présence d’une plante extractrice n’a pas permis de diminuer les teneurs accumulées par les bettes en deçà des valeurs seuils pour la commercialisation de ces dernières. Aucun des deux amendements organiques n’a conduit à une diminution systématique des teneurs solubles en Zn, Cd et Pb dans les sols. Cependant, le compost de déchets verts a limité les teneurs en Zn et Cd accumulées par les bettes. La culture associée a conduit à une importante disparité de biomasse produite par ces dernières à laquelle s’ajoute, en pots, un faible développement global des plantes dû à l’espace limité disponible.
Conclusions La variabilité visible dans les résultats ainsi que les divergences existantes entre l’essai en pots et en champ nécessitent l’établissement de nouvelles expérimentations pour mieux comprendre le comportement des interactions entre les contaminants, le sol et les plantes. La capacité extractrice de la moutarde brune ainsi que les effets bénéfiques des amendements organiques n’ont pas pu être mis systématiquement en évidence. Le caractère dynamique et évolutif des sols montre le besoin d’essais sur le long terme de manière à pouvoir mettre en évidence des tendances générales. L’urbanisation croissante combinée à la part d’autoconsommation grandissante de produits cultivés en ville poussent à continuer d’investiguer la présence d’éléments traces dans les sols et les techniques de remédiation.

contamination --- sol --- élément trace --- mobilité --- phytoextraction --- amendement du sol --- compost de déchets verts --- biochar --- Brassica juncea (L.) Czern --- Helianthus annuus L. --- contamination --- soil --- trace elements --- mobility --- phytoextraction --- soil amendment --- green waste compost --- biochar --- Helianthus annuus L. --- Brassica juncea (L.) Czern --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences de l'environnement & écologie --- Sciences du vivant > Agriculture & agronomie

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This Special Issue provides 15 research articles and 4 comprehensive review articles on various aspects of plant–metal/metalloid interactions. - Up-to-date information on plant responses to metals/metalloids are published. - Various mechanisms of plant tolerance to metals’/metalloids’ toxicity are presented. - Exogenous applications of mitigating metals’/metalloids’ toxicity are discussed. - Sustainable technologies in growing plants in metal/metalloid-contaminated environments are discussed. - Phytoremediation techniques for the remediation of metals/metalloids are discussed.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Botany & plant sciences --- metal stress --- toxicity --- silicon --- Si-fertilization --- genomics --- transporter genes --- cadmium toxicity --- oxidative stress --- antioxidative defense system --- photosynthetic pigments --- environmental pollution --- phytoextraction --- cadmium --- biostimulation --- oxidative damage --- metal toxicity --- sulphur nutrition --- stress mitigation --- cation exchange capacity --- glutathione --- agriculture --- Cd stress --- environmental --- gene expression --- PGPB --- switchgrass --- P. fasciculatum --- heavy metals --- tolerant plant --- protein carbonylation --- photosynthesis proteins --- mining soils --- thiols --- phenolic metabolites --- organic acids --- lead --- castor beans --- citric acid --- antioxidant enzyme --- antioxidant system --- ethylene --- glyoxalase system --- photosynthesis --- proline metabolism --- zinc --- jute varieties --- copper stress --- phytoremediation --- bioaccumulation factor --- translocation factor --- growth --- copper toxicity --- micronutrient deficiency --- iron --- nicotianamine --- histidine --- Cu-chelation --- lead pollution --- antioxidants --- bentonite --- grain biochemistry --- biochar --- maize hybrids --- nickel --- nutrients --- translocation --- heavy metal --- reactive oxygen species --- oxidative burst --- Rhododendron arboreum --- Vigna radiata --- enzymes activity --- chromium (Cr) --- polyphenols --- abiotic stress --- antioxidant defense --- methylglyoxal --- organic acid --- ripening physiology --- silver --- chemical elicitors --- chili --- fibrous crop --- environmental pollutants --- morphological traits --- soil remediation --- chelating agents --- chromium --- wastewater --- sunflower --- biomass --- chlorophyll contents

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This Special Issue provides 15 research articles and 4 comprehensive review articles on various aspects of plant–metal/metalloid interactions. - Up-to-date information on plant responses to metals/metalloids are published. - Various mechanisms of plant tolerance to metals’/metalloids’ toxicity are presented. - Exogenous applications of mitigating metals’/metalloids’ toxicity are discussed. - Sustainable technologies in growing plants in metal/metalloid-contaminated environments are discussed. - Phytoremediation techniques for the remediation of metals/metalloids are discussed.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Botany & plant sciences --- metal stress --- toxicity --- silicon --- Si-fertilization --- genomics --- transporter genes --- cadmium toxicity --- oxidative stress --- antioxidative defense system --- photosynthetic pigments --- environmental pollution --- phytoextraction --- cadmium --- biostimulation --- oxidative damage --- metal toxicity --- sulphur nutrition --- stress mitigation --- cation exchange capacity --- glutathione --- agriculture --- Cd stress --- environmental --- gene expression --- PGPB --- switchgrass --- P. fasciculatum --- heavy metals --- tolerant plant --- protein carbonylation --- photosynthesis proteins --- mining soils --- thiols --- phenolic metabolites --- organic acids --- lead --- castor beans --- citric acid --- antioxidant enzyme --- antioxidant system --- ethylene --- glyoxalase system --- photosynthesis --- proline metabolism --- zinc --- jute varieties --- copper stress --- phytoremediation --- bioaccumulation factor --- translocation factor --- growth --- copper toxicity --- micronutrient deficiency --- iron --- nicotianamine --- histidine --- Cu-chelation --- lead pollution --- antioxidants --- bentonite --- grain biochemistry --- biochar --- maize hybrids --- nickel --- nutrients --- translocation --- heavy metal --- reactive oxygen species --- oxidative burst --- Rhododendron arboreum --- Vigna radiata --- enzymes activity --- chromium (Cr) --- polyphenols --- abiotic stress --- antioxidant defense --- methylglyoxal --- organic acid --- ripening physiology --- silver --- chemical elicitors --- chili --- fibrous crop --- environmental pollutants --- morphological traits --- soil remediation --- chelating agents --- chromium --- wastewater --- sunflower --- biomass --- chlorophyll contents --- metal stress --- toxicity --- silicon --- Si-fertilization --- genomics --- transporter genes --- cadmium toxicity --- oxidative stress --- antioxidative defense system --- photosynthetic pigments --- environmental pollution --- phytoextraction --- cadmium --- biostimulation --- oxidative damage --- metal toxicity --- sulphur nutrition --- stress mitigation --- cation exchange capacity --- glutathione --- agriculture --- Cd stress --- environmental --- gene expression --- PGPB --- switchgrass --- P. fasciculatum --- heavy metals --- tolerant plant --- protein carbonylation --- photosynthesis proteins --- mining soils --- thiols --- phenolic metabolites --- organic acids --- lead --- castor beans --- citric acid --- antioxidant enzyme --- antioxidant system --- ethylene --- glyoxalase system --- photosynthesis --- proline metabolism --- zinc --- jute varieties --- copper stress --- phytoremediation --- bioaccumulation factor --- translocation factor --- growth --- copper toxicity --- micronutrient deficiency --- iron --- nicotianamine --- histidine --- Cu-chelation --- lead pollution --- antioxidants --- bentonite --- grain biochemistry --- biochar --- maize hybrids --- nickel --- nutrients --- translocation --- heavy metal --- reactive oxygen species --- oxidative burst --- Rhododendron arboreum --- Vigna radiata --- enzymes activity --- chromium (Cr) --- polyphenols --- abiotic stress --- antioxidant defense --- methylglyoxal --- organic acid --- ripening physiology --- silver --- chemical elicitors --- chili --- fibrous crop --- environmental pollutants --- morphological traits --- soil remediation --- chelating agents --- chromium --- wastewater --- sunflower --- biomass --- chlorophyll contents

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This book collects research activities focused on the development of new processes to replace obsolete practices that are often highly invasive, unsustainable, and socially unacceptable.Taking inspiration from real problems and the need to face real cases of contamination or prevent potentially harmful situations, the development and optimization of ‘smart’ solutions, i.e., sustainable not only from an environmental point of view but also economically, are discussed in order to encourage, as much as possible, their actual implementation.

Environmental science, engineering & technology --- water resources --- virtual water trade --- input-output method --- Gansu province --- ecological consumption --- influencing factors --- panel regressions --- ecological footprint --- innovative envelope --- building components --- green roofs --- indoor comfort --- energy consumption --- building modelling --- simulation models --- chitosan --- chromium --- heavy metals --- adsorption --- kinetics --- low-cost adsorbent --- tannery --- ion exchange --- nanobubbles --- contaminated soil --- electrokinetic --- in situ --- remediation --- Spinacia oleracea microbiota --- electrochemically activated solution --- peroxyacetic acid --- sanitization --- 16s rRNA pyrosequencing --- amplicon sequence variants --- alpha diversity --- bacterial community composition --- sedimentation --- drag --- fractal aggregates --- shear-thinning --- non-Newtonian fluids --- suspensions --- numerical simulations --- environmental impact --- waste management --- industrial production --- investment project --- risk evaluation --- multicriterial approach --- production planning --- carbon regulation --- reconditioning --- green logistics --- optimization --- drinking water treatment plant --- advection–diffusion–reaction --- chlorine dosage --- simulator validation --- industrial application --- biodegradation --- dehalogenase-producing bacteria --- haloalkanoic acids --- trichloroacetic acid --- 16S rRNA --- Lysinibacillus --- building energy efficiency --- European environmental brands --- tourism sector --- agritourism --- nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB) --- submerged marine debris --- economic valuation --- contingent valuation --- economic benefit --- willingness to pay --- proecological behavior --- circular economy --- environmental management --- survey --- nonparametric methods --- serpentinite --- magnesium oxide --- calcination --- particle size distribution --- specific surface area --- magnesium potassium phosphate matrix --- radioactive waste --- immobilization --- hydrolytic stability --- strength --- pH-neutral electrochemically activated solution --- total bacterial count --- Salmonella Enteritidis --- egg cuticle integrity --- soil remediation --- soil contamination --- greenhouse --- phytoextraction --- mobilizing agents --- photosynthetic efficiency --- photovoltaics --- luminescent dyes --- energy savings --- sustainability --- cork–graphite electrode --- electrochemistry --- lead --- environmental application --- environmental pollution and remediation --- hazardous waste management --- soil and water reclamation --- nanomaterials --- sustainable processes

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The progress of society has led to an improvement of the quality of life of a significant number of people. On the other hand, anthropogenic pollution dramatically increased, with serious consequences for the environment and human health. Controlling and remedying environmental pollution is one of the main challenges of our century. Fundamental and applicative research are called to collaborate, involving scientists in the development of realistic and effective systems for the prevention and the removal of pollutants from the environment. Spreading knowledge is among the missions of researchers and this is the aim of this book, offering an updated view on innovative materials and methods for pollutant treatment. It is composed of 18 articles, among them 5 reviews and 13 original articles, dedicated to new adsorbent materials (inorganic, organic, and hybrid materials) for the capture of pollutant species and for their catalytic conversion into non-toxic substances, and to bioremediation approaches to treat contaminated media. Water, air, and soil pollution was investigated, both at the lab and large scale, with special relevance for wastewater treatments for the removal of heavy metals and organic pollutants. We are grateful to “Molecules” for the opportunity to edit the Special Issue on “Innovative Materials and Methods for the Removal of Pollutants from the Environment”. We created, for this book, an original cover image, dedicated to the efforts of chemistry to defend the beauty of environment, represented by flowers, against every prejudice that considers chemistry an enemy of life.

green-removal --- tangerine peels activated carbon --- agriculture waste --- acetamiprid pesticide --- enzymatic hydrolysis lignin --- sequential dissolution fractionation --- methylene blue adsorption capacity --- CuFe2O4 nano-particles --- CuFe2O4/PANI composite --- mercury (II) removal --- adsorption --- biochar --- pyrolysis --- heavy metals --- soil remediation --- bioavailability --- biomass waste --- N doped carbon dots --- Cd (II) --- mechanism --- water remedy --- green adsorbents --- pineapple leaves --- rose bengal (RB) dye --- face-centered central composite design (FCCCD), percentage removal (%R) --- adsorption capacity (qe) --- phosphorus removal --- toxic metals --- alginate beads --- sewage sludge --- BC --- sequential extraction --- copper --- carbon-silicon interaction --- bioremediation --- toxic pollutants --- extreme conditions --- extremophilic microorganism --- non-thermal plasma (NTP) --- exhaust emission --- internal combustion engine --- ion chemical reaction --- insensitive munitions --- 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) --- industrial wastewater --- vetiver grass --- phytoremediation --- phytoextraction --- ammonia --- ammonium recovery --- Freundlich --- intraparticle diffusion --- isoelectric state --- Langmuir --- pseudo-second-order --- Temkin --- zeolite --- high-strength wastewater --- sludge liquor --- chitosan --- adsorbent --- carbon --- graphene oxide --- silica --- magnetic separation --- dyes --- Langmuir isotherm --- breakthrough curve --- defluoridation --- up-flow mode --- volcanic rocks --- toluene --- rhodamine B --- water stability of monolith --- nanosorbent --- regeneration --- α-NiMoO4 --- methylene blue --- removal --- zirconium phosphate --- wastewater pollutants --- ion exchange --- heterogeneous photocatalysis --- nanomaterials --- rare earth metals --- wastewater treatment --- pollutants