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Après une brève présentation des causes d'incertitudes, les distributions de probabilités les plus connues (Gauss, binomiale, Poisson) sont exposées. Ensuite, des notions plus complexes de statistique sont abordées : fonction d'une variable aléatoire, propagation des erreurs, échantillon, valeur moyenne et écart-type expérimentaux, distributions x2 et Student. Cette partie présente toute une panoplie d'outils nécessaires pour l'analyse approfondie des données expérimentales dans différentes situations (volume limité de données expérimentales, comparaisons des résultats, erreurs systématiques, etc.). Un chapitre spécial est consacré à l'ajustement des paramètres par la méthode des moindres carrés et par la méthode du maximum de vraisemblance. Des conseils pratiques sont donnés. Ils permettent d'améliorer les mesures et leur analyse. Cet ouvrage est destiné aux étudiants de second cycle universitaire et à tous les scientifiques et professionnels qui ont obtenu ce niveau. [Source : d'après la 4e de couverture]
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"Mathematics of Uncertainty" provides the basic ideas and foundations of uncertainty, covering the fields of mathematics in which uncertainty, variability, imprecision and fuzziness of data are of importance. This introductory book describes the basic ideas of the mathematical fields of uncertainty from simple interpolation to wavelets, from error propagation to fuzzy sets and neural networks. The book presents the treatment of problems of interpolation and approximation, as well as observation fuzziness which can essentially influence the preciseness and reliability of statements on functional relationships. The notions of randomness and probability are examined as a model for the variability of observation and measurement results. Besides these basic ideas the book also presents methods of qualitative data analysis such as cluster analysis and classification, and of evaluation of functional relationships such as regression analysis and quantitative fuzzy data analysis.
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This book discusses entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics in such a way that everyone can understand its subject matter. Entropy is one of the most interesting concepts in physics. Although it is a well-defined concept, it is still perceived by even well-known scientists as a concept cloaked in mystery. It is also the most misused, and often abused, concept in physics. In order to understand entropy, one needs to understand the Shannon measure of information, and in order to grasp this idea, one must be familiar with some basic concepts of probability. Therefore, this book consists of three chapters: the first discusses probability, the second addresses Information Theory, and the third considers entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Readers will discover that the Second Law is nothing but a law of probability.
Entropy. --- Entropy --- Thermodynamics --- Information theory --- Uncertainty (Information theory) --- Entropie --- Thermodynamique --- Information, Théorie de l' --- Incertitude (théorie de l'information) --- Study and teaching. --- Étude et enseignement
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Build the skills for determining appropriate error limits for quantities that matter with this essential toolkit. Understand how to handle a complete project and how uncertainty enters into various steps. Provides a systematic, worksheet-based process to determine error limits on measured quantities, and all likely sources of uncertainty are explored, measured or estimated. Features instructions on how to carry out error analysis using Excel and MATLAB, making previously tedious calculations easy. Whether you are new to the sciences or an experienced engineer, this useful resource provides a practical approach to performing error analysis. Suitable as a text for a junior or senior level laboratory course in aerospace, chemical and mechanical engineering, and for professionals.
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Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Probability theory --- Artificial intelligence --- Uncertainty (Information theory) --- Knowledge representation (Information theory) --- Intelligence artificielle --- Incertitude (Théorie de l'information) --- Représentation des connaissances --- Intelligence artificielle. --- Ensembles flous --- Artificial intelligence. --- Incertitude (Théorie de l'information) --- Représentation des connaissances
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Statistical science --- Social sciences --- Distribution (Probability theory) --- Uncertainty (Information theory) --- Statistical methods --- Methodology --- 519.2 --- Probability. Mathematical statistics --- 519.2 Probability. Mathematical statistics --- Sciences sociales --- Incertitude (Théorie de l'information) --- Méthodologie --- Méthodes statistiques --- Social sciences - Statistical methods --- Social sciences - Methodology --- Statistique --- Modeles mathematiques
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Decision making --- Risk --- Uncertainty (Information theory) --- Prise de décision --- Incertitude (Théorie de l'information) --- Mathematical models --- Congresses --- Modèles mathématiques --- Congrès --- Congresses. --- Prise de décision --- Incertitude (Théorie de l'information) --- Modèles mathématiques --- Congrès --- Decision-making - Mathematical models - Congresses. --- Risk - Mathematical models - Congresses. --- Uncertainty (Information theory) - Congresses.
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