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Spirit possession in literature --- Possession par les esprits dans la littérature --- Murasaki Shikibu,

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The Self Possessed is a multifaceted, diachronic study reconsidering the very nature of religion in South Asia, the culmination of years of intensive research. Frederick M. Smith proposes that positive oracular or ecstatic possession is the most common form of spiritual expression in India, and that it has been linguistically distinguished from negative, disease-producing possession for thousands of years. In South Asia possession has always been broader and more diverse than in the West, where it has been almost entirely characterized as "demonic." At best, spirit possession has been regarded as a medically treatable psychological ailment and at worst, as a condition that requires exorcism or punishment. In South (and East) Asia, ecstatic or oracular possession has been widely practiced throughout history, occupying a position of respect in early and recent Hinduism and in certain forms of Buddhism. Smith analyzes Indic literature from all ages-the earliest Vedic texts; the Mahabharata; Buddhist, Jain, Yogic, Ayurvedic, and Tantric texts; Hindu devotional literature; Sanskrit drama and narrative literature; and more than a hundred ethnographies. He identifies several forms of possession, including festival, initiatory, oracular, and devotional, and demonstrates their multivocality within a wide range of sects and religious identities. Possession is common among both men and women and is practiced by members of all social and caste strata. Smith theorizes on notions of embodiment, disembodiment, selfhood, personal identity, and other key issues through the prism of possession, redefining the relationship between Sanskritic and vernacular culture and between elite and popular religion. Smith's study is also comparative, introducing considerable material from Tibet, classical China, modern America, and elsewhere. Brilliant and persuasive, The Self Possessed provides careful new translations of rare material and is the most comprehensive study in any language on this subject.

Spirit possession --- Spirit possession in literature. --- Sanskrit literature --- Tantrism --- History and criticism. --- Hinduism. --- Sanskrit literature - History and criticism. --- Sanskrit literature -- History and criticism. --- Spirit possession - Hinduism. --- Spirit possession -- Hinduism. --- Spirit possession - South Asia. --- Spirit possession -- South Asia. --- Tantrism - South Asia. --- Tantrism -- South Asia. --- Spirit possession in literature --- Religion --- Philosophy & Religion --- Hinduism --- History and criticism --- Possession, Spirit --- Tantricism --- Tantrism, Hindu --- Experience (Religion) --- Magic --- Mysticism

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"In this subtle and highly original reading of Murasaki Shikibu's eleventh-century classic The Tale of Genji (Genji monogatari), Doris G. Bargen explores the role of possessing spirits (mono no ke) from a female viewpoint. In several key episodes of the Genji, Heian noblewomen (or their mediums) tremble, speak in strange voices, and tear their hair and clothing while under the spell of mono no ke. For literary critics, Genji, the male protagonist, is central to determining the role of these spirits. From this male-centered perspective, female jealousy provides a convenient explanation for the emergence of mono no ke within the polygynous marital system of the Heian aristocracy. Yet this conventional view fails to take into account the work's female authorship and its largely female audience. Relying upon anthropological as well as literary evidence, Doris G. Bargen foregrounds the motives of the possessed character and located mono no ke within the politics of Heian society, interpreting spirit possession as a female strategy adopted to counter male strategies of empowerment. Possessions become "performances" by women attempting to redress the balance of power; they subtly subvert the structure of domination and significantly alter the construction of gender."--Jacket.

Besessenheit. --- Bezetenheid. --- Geesten. --- LITERARY CRITICISM --- Possession par les esprits dans la littérature. --- Spirit possession in literature. --- Women in literature. --- Asian --- General. --- Murasaki Shikibu, --- Murasaki Shikibu. --- Characters --- Women. --- Genji monogatari (Murasaki Shikibu).