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DNA Methylation --- Neoplasms --- Micronutrients
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Obesity is a world disease that does not stop evolving at the moment, and has an impact on the everyday life of those who suffer from it. A method to fight against this condition is the bariatric surgery. This type of intervention, which modifies the digestive tract of the patient, is going to allow him to !ose weight and to improve some of his comorbidity. Carried out in very specific conditions, it also contains disadvantages. So, besides the risks connected to the surgical operation strictly speaking, the obesity's surgery is going to disrupt the assimilation of medicine and micronutrients.What physiological and medicinal modifications is the bariatric surgery going to engender? What medicine to avoid or which formulations to favor? And what about micronutritional deficiencies? A fan of questions, which will be approached in particular during this report... L'obésité est une maladie mondiale qui ne cesse d'évoluer à l'heure actuelle, et a un impact sur la vie quotidienne de ceux qui en souffrent. Une méthode pour lutter contre cette condition est la chirurgie bariatrique. Ce type d'intervention, qui modifie le tractus digestif du patient, va lui permettre de perdre du poids et d'améliorer certaines de ses comorbidités. Réalisée dans des conditions bien spécifiques, elle comporte aussi des inconvénients. Ainsi, en plus des risques liés à l'intervention chirurgicale à proprement parlé, la chirurgie de l'obésité va perturber l'assimilation des médicaments et des micronutriments. Quelles modifications physiologiques et médicamenteuses la chirurgie bariatrique va-t-elle engendrer ? Quels médicaments éviter ou quelles formulations privilégier ? Et qu'en est-il des carences micro nutritionnelles ? Un éventail de questions qui seront notamment abordées au cours de ce mémoire...
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Nutritional Physiological Phenomena --- Micronutrients --- Dietetics
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World Nutrition --- Micronutrients. --- Nutrition Disorders --- prevention & control.
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CHEMICAL ANALYSIS --- FOLIAR DIAGNOSIS --- MICRONUTRIENTS --- SOIL ANALYSIS --- MEETINGS --- CHEMICAL ANALYSIS --- FOLIAR DIAGNOSIS --- MICRONUTRIENTS --- SOIL ANALYSIS --- MEETINGS
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Biochimie --- Biochimie clinique --- Biochemistry --- Molecular biology --- Cell biology --- Disease --- Xenobiotics --- Micronutrients --- Gene expression regulation --- physiopathology --- metabolism
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Infants are not just small adults; they have a complex set of nutrient requirements and interactions to account for the high metabolic rate, growth, immunological and cognitive development, etc. Each year there are 138 million births, including 30 million from the least developed countries, where health is most at risk. Nutrition during infancy establishes growth patterns and development which moderate short term and long term health and life expectancy. There is continuing progress in understanding the nutrient composition of breastmilk and the importance nutritious and timely complementary foods. Nutrients at particular risk in the first years of life are iron, iodine, and vitamins A and D. There are still gaps in our knowledge on the influence of maternal diet, body composition and nutritional status on breastmilk nutrients. Interaction of nutrients with the human microbiome and gastro-intestinal tract hormonal secretion are developing fields. While breastmilk remains the “gold standard of pediatric nutrition”, the provisions of nutrients providing for optimal health in infant formulae, including nutrients and probiotics remains an area of research. The assessment of body composition for research and clinical practice has progressed rapidly and is important in understanding later obesity. After six months of age, there are new issues of the interaction of weaning foods and later family foods with the maturing gastro-intestinal tract to promote health and growth. Infant nutrition is made more difficult (and interesting) by the many cultural beliefs related to feeding practices. Developments in all of these fields of research into pediatric nutrition will be explored in this special issue together with state of the art reviews.
infant nutrition --- Breastfeeding and nutrition --- Micronutrients in infancy --- Growth and protein --- Culture and nutrient intake
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