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POCUS is becoming more and more widespread in the veterinary world, because it provides crucial information while being minimally invasive, low-stress and feasible on an unstable animal. Different protocols have emerged, and some have become more popular than others. 
After reviewing the basics of lung ultrasound and the artifacts that can be visualized in lung pathology, pleural effusion and pneumothorax, this TFE looks at four thoracic POCUS protocols: TFAST, Vet BLUE, VetFAST-ABCDE and PLUS. For each of them, in addition to a description of the protocol, an analysis of the literature was carried out to assess their sensitivity and specificity for the detection of pulmonary pathology, pleural effusion and pneumothorax.
In the interest of addressing the sensitivity shortcomings observed in some of these protocols, this work gathers some of the possible causes for these shortcomings, and how to best increase this sensitivity.
Finally, in a world where interest for online teaching is increasing, this work compares the different variations of online POCUS teaching in their effect on students and suggests the use of the OSAUS scale to assess the competence of a person performing POCUS.

POCUS --- TFAST --- Vet BLUE --- VetFAST-ABCDE --- PLUS --- Sciences du vivant > Médecine vétérinaire & santé animale

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L’endocardiose mitrale canine, ou Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease (MMVD) est certainement la pathologie cardiaque la plus rencontrée par les praticiens vétérinaires. Bien qu’aisée à diagnostiquer, cette pathologie dégénérative acquise requiert une attention particulière des propriétaires de chiens atteints afin de suivre l’évolution de la maladie. Le praticien devra adapter le traitement cardiaque afin de préserver la fonction la plus adéquat possible du cœur. 
Premièrement, une étude bibliographique sera menée afin d’analyser la littérature et de présenter les différents aspects de la maladie. A savoir, la présentation clinique d’un animal atteint d’endocardiose mitrale, la classification de la maladie selon l’American College of Veterinary Internal Medecine (ACVIM), et les moyens diagnostiques dont nous disposons actuellement. Enfin, nous terminerons cette revue bibliographique par une actualisation des traitements à mettre en place chez un patient atteint de MMVD. 
Secondairement, nous présenterons une étude prospective menée sur 37 chiens atteints d’endocardiose mitrale, présentés au sein de la Clinique Vétérinaire Universitaire de Liège. L’objectif sera de comparer l’intérêt de deux techniques dans le diagnostic précoce d’une décompensation cardiaque congestive gauche ; le POCUS (Point Of Care UltraSound) thoracique et le monitoring de la Fréquence Respiratoire au Repos (FRR). 
A l’issu de ce travail, nous mettrons en avant l’intérêt de surveiller la fréquence respiratoire au repos des chiens atteints de MMVD. En effet, nous verrons que cette technique, aussi simple soit-elle, permet d’alerter précocement le propriétaire que son chien cardiopathe semble recevoir un traitement qui ne permet plus un contrôle optimal de sa maladie. Alors que l’échographie trans thoracique, appelée plus récemment POCUS thoracique, trouvera plus volontiers sa place dans la prise en charge en urgence, plutôt que dans un but de diagnostic précoce de décompensation cardiaque congestive gauche.

cardiologie --- chien --- valve --- mitrale --- échographie --- POCUS --- cocker spaniel --- échocardiographie --- oedème --- souffle --- Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease --- ACVIM --- Sciences du vivant > Médecine vétérinaire & santé animale

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This book focuses on the application of implementation science methods to enable the rapid uptake and sustainable implementation of new diagnostics into routine health practices to strengthen health systems.Diagnostics are essential for the success of universal health coverage and improved health outcomes. The increased development and deployment of diagnostics for use at the point of care will not guarantee improved access to diagnostics and health outcomes if their implementation is not optimized. Optimal implementation will need to be guided by theories and methods that aim to promote evidence-based practices and findings of research into routine practice, taking into consideration quality systems and contexts.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- prognosis --- lactate clearance --- biomarker --- emergency medical services --- emergency department --- critical care --- ultrasound --- imaging --- X-ray --- chest --- diagnosis --- SARS --- SARS-CoV-2 --- rapid diagnostic techniques --- POCT techniques --- lung ultrasound --- COVID-19 --- POCUS --- mHealth devices --- accuracy --- sensitivity --- specificity --- sub-Saharan Africa --- point of care ultrasound --- implementation science --- adoption --- mHealth applications --- disease diagnosis --- treatment support --- rapid diagnostic testing --- RDT --- modelling --- symptoms --- transmission prevention --- infectious disease --- human immunodeficiency virus --- HIV --- coronavirus --- tuberculosis --- health services --- primary healthcare --- point of care diagnostic services --- supply chain management --- resource-limited settings --- Indian pandemic --- rapid antigen tests (RATs) --- CoviSelf --- CoWIN --- digital divide --- rural India --- Indian villagers --- poverty --- discourse analysis --- qualitative medical/health research strategies --- vulnerable populations --- literacy --- diagnostics --- advocacy --- prognosis --- lactate clearance --- biomarker --- emergency medical services --- emergency department --- critical care --- ultrasound --- imaging --- X-ray --- chest --- diagnosis --- SARS --- SARS-CoV-2 --- rapid diagnostic techniques --- POCT techniques --- lung ultrasound --- COVID-19 --- POCUS --- mHealth devices --- accuracy --- sensitivity --- specificity --- sub-Saharan Africa --- point of care ultrasound --- implementation science --- adoption --- mHealth applications --- disease diagnosis --- treatment support --- rapid diagnostic testing --- RDT --- modelling --- symptoms --- transmission prevention --- infectious disease --- human immunodeficiency virus --- HIV --- coronavirus --- tuberculosis --- health services --- primary healthcare --- point of care diagnostic services --- supply chain management --- resource-limited settings --- Indian pandemic --- rapid antigen tests (RATs) --- CoviSelf --- CoWIN --- digital divide --- rural India --- Indian villagers --- poverty --- discourse analysis --- qualitative medical/health research strategies --- vulnerable populations --- literacy --- diagnostics --- advocacy

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Think of this tome as a global go-round of the world’s most influential galleries: if it’s hot in the art world today, it’s in this book. Emerging artists are featured alongside established greats like Chuck Close, David Hockney, or Brice Marden. A to Z entries on more than 100 artists include images of important recent work, an introductory text, and a short exhibition history with bibliographical information. The illustrated appendix collects contact details for the galleries representing the artists as well as auction results of the last few years. Bonus: a special feature focusing on the art boom in Eastern Asia, with essays by Karen Smith on the contemporary art scenes in Beijing and Shanghai, and by Colin Chinnery on the postwar art-historical developments between China, Japan, and Korea. Conversations with leading curators from Seoul and Tokyo throw a light on the current developments in these cities, while a small art guide of the region’s metropolises in the appendix can serve as a guide to the must-see venues for travellers or browsers through the World Wide Web.

Art contemporain --- Art movements --- Artists --- History --- 21e siècle --- Panorama mondial --- Contemporary [style of art] --- anno 2000-2009 --- art [fine art] --- Art --- Parreno, Philippe --- Tiravanija, Rirkrit --- Hein, Jeppe --- Wohnseifer, Johannes --- Neto, Ernesto --- Noble, Tim --- Sasnal, Wilhelm --- Morris, Sarah --- Höfer, Candida --- Sherman, Cindy --- assume vivid astro focus --- Chapman, Jake --- Gordon, Douglas --- Perry, Grayson --- Pardo, Jorge --- Calderón, Miguel --- Tuymans, Luc --- Pernice, Manfred --- Beecroft, Vanessa --- Mehretu, Julie --- Aitken, Doug --- Shaw, Raqib --- Currin, John --- Peyton, Elisabeth --- Orozco, Gabriel --- Miyake, Shintaro --- Hume, Gary --- Dijkstra, Rineke --- Murakami, Takashi --- Hirschhorn, Thomas --- Lamsfuss, Ulrich --- Khan, Hassan --- Cattelan, Maurizio --- Sachs, Tom --- Sullivan, Catherine --- Schneider, Gregor --- Sala, Anri --- Ortega, Damián --- Wurm, Erwin --- Nara, Yoshitomo --- Reyes, Pedro --- Rondinone, Ugo --- Goicolea, Anthony --- Ahtila, Eija-Liisa --- Douglas, Stan --- Gursky, Andreas --- Huyghe, Pierre --- Saville, Jenny --- Almond, Darren --- Hodges, Jim --- Elmgreen, Michael --- Tillmans, Wolfgang --- Muniz, Vik --- Deller, Jeremy --- Brown, Glenn --- Nitsche, Frank --- Schütte, Thomas --- Wall, Jeff --- Bonin, von, Cosima --- Eder, Martin --- Lambie, Jim --- White, Pae --- Rijke, de, Jeroen --- Lutter, Vera --- Brown, Cecily --- Ohanian, Melik --- Olowska, Paulina --- McKenzie, Lucy --- Barney, Matthew --- Scheibitz, Thomas --- Lim, Won Ju --- Gober, Robert --- Mueck, Ron --- Leonard, Zoe --- McCarthy, Paul --- Breitz, Candice --- Walker, Kara --- Phillips, Richard --- Gallagher, Ellen --- Dumas, Marlene --- Odani, Motohiko --- Alÿs, Francis --- Rehberger, Tobias --- Hernández-Diez, José Antonio --- Bruguera, Tania --- Eitel, Tim --- Mik, Aernout --- Bonvicini, Monica --- Eliasson, Olafur --- Ackermann, Franz --- Demand, Thomas --- Macchi, Jorge --- Richter, Daniel --- Struth, Thomas --- Vezzoli, Francesco --- Hernández, Jonathan --- Sierra, Santiago --- Marepe --- Lockhart, Sharon --- Ritchie, Matthew --- Ofili, Chris --- Webster, Sue --- Emin, Tracey --- Starling, Simon --- Lucas, Sarah --- Meese, Jonathan --- Ataman, Kutlug --- Kelley, Mike --- Milhazes, Beatriz --- Rooij, de, Willem --- Amer, Ghada --- Ruff, Thomas --- Neshat, Shirin --- Esser, Elger --- Dragset, Ingar --- Peinado, Bruno --- Prince, Richard --- Grotjahn, Mark --- Rhoades, Jason --- Mori, Mariko --- Rist, Pipilotti --- Oehlen, Albert --- Nguyen-Hatsushiba, Jun --- Weischer, Matthias --- Carpenter, Merlin --- Wool, Christopher --- Butzer, André --- Pettibon, Raymond --- Bock, John --- Gaskell, Anna --- Gonzales-Foerster, Dominique --- Fudong, Yang --- Raad, Walid --- Olesen, Henrik --- Doig, Peter --- West, Franz --- Rauch, Neo --- Koons, Jeff --- Jacir, Emily --- kunstgeschiedenis --- biografieën (genre) --- hedendaagse kunst --- art history --- Art: persons --- anno 1900-1999 --- anno 2000-2099 --- anno 1990-1999 --- Kunst --- 7.039 --- -Artists --- 7(03) --- Adressen ; musea ; galerijen ; kunstinstellingen --- Art now --- Kunst ; kunstenaars ; kunstmarkt ; 1980-2002 ; naslagwerken --- Ackermann Franz --- Aitken Doug --- Almond Darren --- Althamer Pawel --- Althoff Kai --- Alÿs Francis --- Amer Ghada --- Atelier Van Lieshout --- Barney Matthew --- Bock John --- Bonvicini Monica --- Breitz Candice --- Breuning Olaf --- Brown Glenn --- Buetti Daniele --- Bulloch Angela --- Bäckström Miriam --- Cardiff Janet --- Carpenter Merlin --- Cattelan Maurizio --- Chapman Jake & Dinos --- Creed Martin --- Currin John --- Dahlem Björn --- Dean Tacita --- Demand Thomas --- Dijkstra Rineke --- Dion Mark --- Doig Peter --- Dragset Ingar --- Edited by Uta Grosenick & Burkhard Riemschneider --- Edmier Keith --- Eliasson Olafur --- Elmgreen & Dragset --- Elmgreen Michael --- Emin Tracey --- Erkmen Ayse --- Evans Cerith Wyn --- Farrell Malachi --- Fleury Sylvie --- Floyer Ceal --- Friedman Tom --- Gallagher Ellen --- Geers Kendell --- Gillick Liam --- Gonzalez-Foerster Dominique --- Gonzalez-Torres Felix --- Gordon Douglas --- Gursky Andreas --- Gygi Fabrice --- Hirschhorn Thomas --- Hirst Damien --- Horowitz Jonathan --- Hume Gary --- Huyghe Pierre --- Höller Carsten --- Jankowski Christian --- Kelley Mike --- Khedoori Rachel --- Kilimnik Karen --- Kingelez Bodys Isek --- Kippenberger Martin --- Koons Jeff --- Krisanamis Udomsak --- Krystufek Elke --- Kulik Oleg --- Lambie Jim --- Leonard Zoe --- Lockhart Sharon --- Lucas Sarah --- Majerus Michel --- McCarthy Paul --- Meese Jonathan --- Mik Aernout --- Monk Jonathan --- Mori Mariko --- Morris Sarah --- Muniz Vik --- Muntean/Rosenblum --- Murakami Takashi --- Nara Yoshimoto --- Nelson Mike --- Neshat Shirin --- Neto Ernesto --- Neuenschwander Rivane --- Nicolai Olaf --- Ocampo Manuel --- Oehlen Albert --- Ofili Chris --- Olesen Henrik --- Orozco Gabriel --- Owens Laura --- Pardo Jorge --- Parreno Philippe --- Pernice Manfred --- Peterman Dan --- Peyton Elizabeth --- Pfeiffer Paul --- Pflumm Daniel --- Phillips Daniel --- Pivi Paola --- Pommerer Peter --- Rauch Neo --- Rawanchaikul Navin --- Rehberger Tobias --- Rhoades Jason --- Richter Daniel --- Rist Pipilotti --- Rondinone Ugo --- Ruff Thomas --- Schneider Gregor --- Sherman Cindy --- Shrigley David --- Sierra Santiago --- Skreber Dirk --- Slominski Andreas --- Sone Yutaka --- Sonnenschein Eliezer --- Starling Simon --- Struth Thomas --- Superflex --- Tan Fiona --- Tandberg Vibeke --- Tillmans Wolfgang --- Tiravanija Rirkrit --- Toderi Grazia --- Tuymans Luc --- Uklanski Piotr --- Walker Kara --- Wall Jeff --- West Franz --- White Pae --- Wilcox T.J. --- Wohnseifer Johannes --- Wright Richard --- Zittel Andrea --- Zobernig Heimo --- de Rijke Jeroen --- de Rijke/de Rooij --- de Rooij Willem --- eenentwintigste eeuw --- kunst --- von Bonin Cosima --- 705.8 --- Twintigste eeuw --- 21e eeuw --- 700.1 --- beeldhouwkunst --- fotografie --- nieuwe media --- schilderkunst --- videokunst --- Persons --- 7.039 Hedendaagse kunststromingen.Post-moderne kunst --- Hedendaagse kunststromingen.Post-moderne kunst --- Movements, Art --- -Kunst ; encyclopedieën --- Kunstgeschiedenis ; 2000 - 2050 --- beeldende kunst, encyclopedische werken ... --- Beeldende kunst ; 21ste eeuw ; 2009-2013 --- kunstmarkt --- Abdessemed Abdel --- Weiwei Ai --- Allora & Calzadilla --- Altmejd David --- Arcangel Cory --- Auerbach Tauba --- Baldessari John --- Baselitz Georg --- Black Karla --- Brown Cecily --- Butzer André --- Cai Guo-Qiang --- Close Chuck --- Condo George --- Djurberg Nathalie --- Dumas Marlene --- Fischer Urs --- Fischli & Weiss --- Fischli Peter --- Weiss David --- Ford Walton --- Förg Günther --- Fritsch Katharina --- Gaillard Cyprien --- Gates Theaster --- Gispert Luis --- Grotjahn Mark --- Gupta Subodh --- Harrison Rachel --- Hatoum Mona --- Hawkins Richard --- Herrera Arturo --- von Heyl Charline --- Hockney David --- Houseago Thomas --- Kapoor Anish --- Kelly Ellsworth --- Kruger Barbara --- Lidén Klara --- Marden Brice --- Milhazes Beatriz --- Nauman Bruce --- Noble Tim --- Webster Sue --- Noonan David --- The Otolith group --- Pettibon Raymond --- Phillips Richard --- Prince Richard --- Raedecker Michael --- Reyle Anselm --- Richter Gerhard --- Ruby Sterling --- Ruscha Ed --- Ryden Mark --- Sala Anri --- Sasnal Wilhelm --- Stingel Rudolf --- Tobias Gert --- Tobias Uwe --- Tschäpe Janaina --- Tyson Keith --- Villar Rojas Adrian --- Vo Danh --- Warren Rebecca --- Wool Christopher --- Yang Fudong --- Yang Haegue --- Zeng Fanzhi --- Ohanian, Mélik --- 7 --- edited by Uta Grosenick --- Eija-Liisa Ahtila --- Alÿs francis --- assume vivid astro Pocus --- Ataman Kutlug --- Atlas Group --- Beecroft Vanessa --- Bruguera Tania --- Bützer André --- Calderon Miguel --- Deller Jeremy --- Douglas Stan --- Eder Martin --- Eitel Tim --- Esser Elger --- Fudong Yang --- Gaskell Anna --- Golcolea Anthony --- Gober Robert --- Hein Jeppe --- Hernandez Jonathan --- Hernandez-Diez José Antonio --- Hodges Jim --- Höfer Candida --- Jacir Emily --- Khan Hassan --- Lamsfuss Ulrich --- Lim Won Ju --- Lutter Vera --- Macchi Jorge --- McKenzie Lucy --- Mehretu Julie --- Miyake Shintaro --- Mueck Ron --- Nguyen-Hatsushiba Jun --- Nitsche Frank --- Odani Motohiko --- Ohanian Melik --- Olowska Paulina --- Ortega Damian --- Peinado Bruno --- Perry Grayson --- Reyes Pedro --- Ritchie Matthex --- Sachs Tom --- Sasnai Wilhelm --- Saville Jenny --- Scheibitz Thomas --- Schütte Thomas --- Shaw Raqib --- Sullivan Catherine --- Vezzoli Francesco --- Weischer Matthias --- Wurm Erwin --- 7 Kunst. Ruimtelijke ordening. Architectuur. Sport en spel --- Kunst. Ruimtelijke ordening. Architectuur. Sport en spel --- Kunstgeschiedenis --- 20e eeuw --- Gonzalez-Foerster, Dominique --- Wilcox T.J --- beeldende kunst, encyclopedische werken .. --- beeldende kunst, encyclopedische werken . --- beeldende kunst, encyclopedische werken --- Art movements - History - 20th century --- Artists - Biography --- art [discipline] --- -Kunstgeschiedenis