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HISTOIRE DE LA PENSEE ECONOMIQUE --- HISTOIRE DE LA PENSEE ECONOMIQUE

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Economie politique --- Histoire de la pensee economique --- Histoire --- Economie politique --- Histoire de la pensee economique --- Histoire

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A radical work of philosophy, which sets out to challenge our most cherished assumptions about what it means to be human. From Plato to Christianity, from the Enlightenment to Nietzsche and Marx, the Western tradition has been based on arrogant and erroneous beliefs about human beings and their place in the world. Philosophies such as liberalism and Marxism think of humankind as a species whose destiny is to transcend natural limits and conquer the Earth. Even in the present day, despite Darwin's discoveries, nearly all schools of thought take as their starting point the belief that humans are radically different from other animals. John Gray argues that this humanist belief in human difference is an illusion and explores how the world and human life look once humanism has been finally abandoned.

Humanism. --- existentialisme --- Histoire de la pensée économique --- Individu et société --- Humanism

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The definition of a relevant market is crucial in many antitrust cases. The assessment whether a firm is in a dominant position or not depends highly on the market that has been defined as comprising all competitive constraints to its behaviour. The ongoing case of the European Commission against Google’s mobile operating system Android is an example of such a case, which additionally includes a very specific type of product: multi-sided platforms. The particular nature and functioning of such platforms leaves most common methods of market definition useless and inappropriate. This thesis will use the growing literature on multi-sided platforms to assess the functioning of these products. Further, a prominent precedent case and a close consideration of the general business strategy of Google will help to reveal and to understand how Android works. What role it and other adjacent software play in this wider business strategy of Google. And what the competitive environment is in which these products are operated. The main insights will be that it makes little sense to consider these products without taking into account their interdependent relationship and the competition they face from firms operating with a different business model. It are in fact these various business models that are competing with each other on a higher level, rather than the single products with each other. Comparing these findings with the markets the European Commission has defined as being the relevant markets in this case, hints that the Commission might possibly be missing important aspects of the competition that is taking place between these products and their parent firms.

Sciences économiques & de gestion > Economie générale & histoire de la pensée économique

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Tourism is developing at an exceptional speed between the different countries. In order to stand out from one another, tourism organizations are highlighting event tourism that not only attract tourists but also put the destination in the spotlight. The events are intended to attract tourists in order to generate economic growth. Tourists will have certain needs that the local economy will supplement by employing labour and generating income. The economic impacts associated with events are numerous but, contrary to popular belief, they are not always positive. In order to identify these impacts, researchers use different methods: this paper highlights the IO model and the CGE analysis. \

In order to analyse the theory, the case of the Liège Christmas market will be analysed. Christmas markets are special cases in cultural events because visitors do not have the same expectations at Christmas markets as at other cultural events. In fact, we can see that most Christmas markets do not meet visitors' expectations and that the economic benefits could be much greater if organizers paid more attention to them.

Event tourism, impact, assessment --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Economie générale & histoire de la pensée économique