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In the summer of 1991, population geneticists and evolutionary biologists proposed to archive human genetic diversity by collecting the genomes of "isolated indigenous populations." Their initiative, which became known as the Human Genome Diversity Project, generated early enthusiasm from those who believed it would enable huge advances in our understanding of human evolution. However, vocal criticism soon emerged. Physical anthropologists accused Project organizers of reimporting racist categories into science. Indigenous-rights leaders saw a "Vampire Project" that sought the blood of indigenous people but not their well-being. More than a decade later, the effort is barely off the ground. How did an initiative whose leaders included some of biology's most respected, socially conscious scientists become so stigmatized? How did these model citizen-scientists come to be viewed as potential racists, even vampires? This book argues that the long abeyance of the Diversity Project points to larger, fundamental questions about how to understand knowledge, democracy, and racism in an age when expert claims about genomes increasingly shape the possibilities for being human. Jenny Reardon demonstrates that far from being innocent tools for fighting racism, scientific ideas and practices embed consequential social and political decisions about who can define race, racism, and democracy, and for what ends. She calls for the adoption of novel conceptual tools that do not oppose science and power, truth and racist ideologies, but rather draw into focus their mutual constitution.
Human population genetics --- Genetics, Population. --- Continental Population Groups --- Social aspects. --- genetics. --- Population Genetics --- Population Dynamics --- Human genetics --- Population genetics --- Human Genome Project. --- HGP --- H.G.P. --- #SBIB:316.334.3M13 --- Medische sociologie: aanverwante disciplines --- Genetics, Population --- Social aspects --- genetics --- Race --- Racial Stocks --- Continental Population Group --- Group, Continental Population --- Groups, Continental Population --- Population Group, Continental --- Population Groups, Continental --- Races --- Racial Stock --- Stock, Racial --- Stocks, Racial --- Race Factors --- Group, Racial --- Groups, Racial --- Racial Group
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Biological races do not exist-and never have. This view is shared by all scientists who study variation in human populations. Yet racial prejudice and intolerance based on the myth of race remain deeply ingrained in Western society. In his powerful examination of a persistent, false, and poisonous idea, Robert Sussman explores how race emerged as a social construct from early biblical justifications to the pseudoscientific studies of today. The Myth of Race traces the origins of modern racist ideology to the Spanish Inquisition, revealing how sixteenth-century theories of racial degeneration became a crucial justification for Western imperialism and slavery. In the nineteenth century, these theories fused with Darwinism to produce the highly influential and pernicious eugenics movement. Believing that traits from cranial shape to raw intelligence were immutable, eugenicists developed hierarchies that classified certain races, especially fair-skinned "Aryans," as superior to others. These ideologues proposed programs of intelligence testing, selective breeding, and human sterilization-policies that fed straight into Nazi genocide. Sussman examines how opponents of eugenics, guided by the German-American anthropologist Franz Boas's new, scientifically supported concept of culture, exposed fallacies in racist thinking. Although eugenics is now widely discredited, some groups and individuals today claim a new scientific basis for old racist assumptions. Pondering the continuing influence of racist research and thought, despite all evidence to the contrary, Sussman explains why-when it comes to race-too many people still mistake bigotry for science.
Race --- Racism --- Continental Population Groups --- Prejudice --- Eugenics --- #SBIB:39A6 --- #SBIB:316.8H16 --- Bias, Racial --- Race bias --- Race prejudice --- Racial bias --- Prejudices --- Anti-racism --- Critical race theory --- Race relations --- Physical anthropology --- history --- Etniciteit / Migratiebeleid en -problemen --- Welzijns- en sociale problemen: migranten, rassenrelaties --- Race. --- Racism. --- Racial Stocks --- Continental Population Group --- Group, Continental Population --- Groups, Continental Population --- Population Group, Continental --- Population Groups, Continental --- Races --- Racial Stock --- Stock, Racial --- Stocks, Racial --- Race Factors --- Group, Racial --- Groups, Racial --- Racial Group
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