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Philosophy of mind. --- Mind and body. --- Descartes, René, --- Mind and body --- Philosophy of mind --- Mind, Philosophy of --- Mind, Theory of --- Theory of mind --- Philosophy --- Cognitive science --- Metaphysics --- Philosophical anthropology --- Body and mind --- Body and soul (Philosophy) --- Human body --- Mind --- Mind-body connection --- Mind-body relations --- Mind-cure --- Somatopsychics --- Brain --- Dualism --- Holistic medicine --- Mental healing --- Parousia (Philosophy) --- Phrenology --- Psychophysiology --- Self --- Psychological aspects --- Descartes, Rene --- Descartes, René, --- Descartes, Renatus --- Cartesius, Renatus --- Descartes, René --- Science --- Descartes, René, - 1596-1650. --- Critique et interprétation --- Esprit et corps --- Dualisme (philosophie)

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René Descartes is best remembered today for writing 'I think, therefore I am', but his main contribution to the history of ideas was his effort to construct a philosophy that would be sympathetic to the new sciences that emerged in the seventeenth century. To a great extent he was the midwife to the Scientific Revolution and a significant contributor to its key concepts. In four major publications, he fashioned a philosophical system that accommodated the needs of these new sciences and thereby earned the unrelenting hostility of both Catholic and Calvinist theologians, who relied on the scholastic philosophy that Descartes hoped to replace. His contemporaries claimed that his proofs of God's existence in the Meditations were so unsuccessful that he must have been a cryptic atheist and that his discussion of skepticism served merely to fan the flames of libertinism. This is the first biography in English that addresses the full range of Descartes' interest in theology, philosophy and the sciences and that traces his intellectual development through his entire career.

Philosophers --- Descartes, René --- Descartes, Renatus --- Cartesius, Renatus --- Descartes, René, --- Arts and Humanities --- Philosophy --- Descartes, Rene,

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Church and state --- Freedom of religion --- Autonomy (Psychology) --- Ethics --- Ireland

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Science --- Philosophy --- Descartes, René

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George Berkeley (1685-1753) was a university teacher, a missionary, and later a Church of Ireland bishop. The over-riding objective of his long philosophical career was to counteract objections to religious belief that resulted from new philosophies associated with the Scientific Revolution. Accordingly, he argued against scepticism and atheism in the Principles and the Three Dialogues; he rejected theories of force in the Essay on Motion; he offered a new theory of meaning for religious language in Alciphron; and he modified his earlier immaterialism in Siris by speculating about the body's influence on the soul. His radical empiricism and scientific instrumentalism, which rejected the claims of the sciences to provide a realistic interpretation of phenomena, are still influential today. This edition provides texts from the full range of Berkeley's contributions to philosophy, together with an introduction by Desmond M. Clarke that sets them in their historical and philosophical contexts.

Filosofia (história) --- Philosophy --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Philosophy. --- History. --- Empiricism. --- Instrumentalism (Philosophy) --- Science --- Religion --- Religion and science. --- Arts and Humanities