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L'âne, animal essentiel au commerce et à l'agriculture de l'Égypte ancienne, apparaît dans des sources de tout ordre, témoignant de sa prégnance dans l'univers égyptien. Une grande partie des attestations relatives à cet animal provient de documents économiques. Une autre réalité apparaît toutefois dans la documentation religieuse, où l'âne est le plus souvent interprété comme un représentant de Seth, dieu maléfique par excellence, maître des déserts et des pays étrangers, ennemi et meurtrier de son frère Osiris.À la fois bienveillant et maléfique, l'âne est une entité ambivalente, à qui sont parfois octroyés des pouvoirs redoutables. L'animal, archétype du mal, était ainsi généralement exécré et virtuellement tué dans le contexte sacré des temples, tandis qu'il se distingue parfois dans la littérature funéraire comme un défenseur du dieu solaire. Parallèlement, il est tout à la fois craint et révéré dans de nombreux textes magiques où il apparaît comme une entité puissante et protectrice. Cette étude se fonde sur des témoignages figuratifs, textuels et archéologiques de l'époque prédynastique à la période romaine. Elle réunit pour la première fois la documentation rituelle, funéraire, magique et médicale existante et en fait la synthèse, afin d'appréhender le regard porté sur l'âne dans la religion égyptienne ancienne.English abstractDonkeys were essential in ancient Egyptian trade and agriculture, but their value was nuanced by their perception in religion. The animal appears in funerary, magical or ritual sources, where it often reflects an ambivalent nature, while its well-known association to the evil god Seth is constantly reminded in the modern literature. Either benevolent or evil, donkeys are ambiguous entities that can be recognised as dreadful beings possessing powers praised for their protective efficiency. Although they can be associated to Seth, they also followed their own path. In magical texts, the animal was feared and revered at the same time, becoming a powerful entity holding spears and evoked as a protector, while in the context of the temple it will be annihilated as the archetype of evil. By exploring iconographical, textual and archaeological sources spanning from Predynastic to Roman times, this monograph explores the role of donkeys in ancient Egypt from a religious perspective.
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La civilisation promue par les pharaons repose sur des valeurs qui ont façonné le monde occidental. Le jeu de la maât, clé de voûte du régime pharaonique, en a permis la durée trois fois millénaire. Ordre, vie, équilibre cosmique, vital et social, paix par la victoire, prospérité, justice, équité, vérité, maât représente tout cela; l'isfet est son antonyme exact : désordre, chaos mortifère, misère, ennemis, iniquité, injustice, désintégration sociale dont le détonateur est le mensonge.
Order --- Religious aspects --- Ancient Egyptian religion. --- Maat --- Egypt --- Civilization
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Texts and images from the Book of the Dead were widely used to decorate the walls of tombs during Egypt's New Kingdom (c. 1550-1077 BCE). Prior research has tended to focus on either individual tombs, or on the contents of papyrus copies of the Book of the Dead. This book focusses on the adaptation of parts of this funerary corpus in individual tombs from the New Kingdom necropolis at Saqqara, with the aim of showing how each tomb's decoration was tailored to the ends of their builders. In doing so, it builds up a picture of the ways in which these developments changed over time, and captures the dynamic and shifting ways in which ancient Egyptians interacted with their funerary texts. This contrasts with the popular image of Egyptian religion as centrally administered and directed, and essentially unchanging over millennia. In fact, choices and forms of texts and images used in tombs changed even within a single generation. Some forms remained popular over long periods, being constantly reused and re-adapted, while others achieved specific and local popularity, or else were abandoned after only a short period of time. This book argues powerfully for the human dimension in ancient Egyptian religion, revealing the ways in which individuals and groups continually reshaped their tradition even as they worked within it. Produced as part of the research project The Walking Dead at Saqqara: The Making of a Cultural Geography, this book is kindly funded by the Dutch Research Council (NWO). The eBook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by the Dutch Research Council (NWO): 276-30-016.
Tombs --- Ancient Egyptian religion & mythology --- Egyptian archaeology / Egyptology --- Sacred texts
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This volume offers the first comprehensive overview of the evolution over time of a foundational concept of the Egyptian afterlife beliefs, the Duat, or netherworld. The Duat is a complicated, multifaceted notion, which was never canonized into a single version of the beyond, but offered instead a variety of alternatives attempting to describe the metaphysical realms beyond the visible world, and beyond life. Theological speculations gave rise to a rich textual and visual repertoire, which underwent a process of evolution over thousands of years, during which newer ideas and images were constantly introduced. Through the analysis of royal and non-royal funerary texts from the late Old Kingdom to the end of the New Kingdom, this book traces the development of the conceptualization of the notion of Duat, outlining what it encompassed and where it was imagined to be located. In addition to the translation and discussion of the most significant passages of the texts analyzed, each chapter also provides an overview of the individual compositions and of the relevant theological, cosmological, and astronomical notions complementing the conceptual framework, of which the Duat formed but a part. Additionally, discussions of concurrent changes in Egyptian culture, society, and ideology are included in order to clarify the context in which afterlife beliefs and related texts evolved. An analysis of the correlation between funerary compositions and their material supports complements the study, emphasizing the Egyptians’ belief in a magical synergy between texts, images, and their contexts in the activation of a suitable, effective afterlife for the recipients of the texts.
Future life --- Religious literature, Egyptian --- Ancient Egyptian religion. --- History and criticism. --- Egypt --- Religion. --- Egyptian religious literature --- Egyptian literature --- Ancient Egyptian religion --- History and criticism
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With a generous, thorough selection, editors Rita Lucarelli and Martin Andreas Stadler offer in The Oxford Handbook of the Egyptian Book of the Dead a wide-ranging synthesis of essential scholarship on Egyptian religious and mystical practices, centered on the central text of that tradition
Future life --- Ancient Egyptian religion --- Book of the dead. --- Book of the Dead. --- Egypt
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In Ancient Egyptian Letters to the Dead: the Realm of the Dead through the Voice of the Living Julia Hsieh investigates the beliefs and practices of communicating with the dead in ancient Egypt through close lexical semantic analysis of extant Letters. Hsieh shows how oral indicators, toponyms, and adverbs in these Letters signal a practice that was likely performed aloud in a tomb or necropolis, and how the senders of these Letters demonstrate a belief in the power and omniscience of their deceased relatives and enjoin them to fight malevolent entities and advocate on their behalf in the afterlife. These Letters reflect universals in beliefs and practices and how humankind, past and present, makes sense of existence beyond death.
Death --- Egyptian language --- Egyptian letters. --- Religious aspects --- Ancient Egyptian religion. --- Egyptian letters --- Religious aspects&delete& --- Ancient Egyptian religion --- Dying --- End of life --- Life --- Terminal care --- Terminally ill --- Thanatology --- Egyptian literature --- Philosophy
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Die Beiträge zur Altertumskunde enthalten Monographien, Sammelbände, Editionen, Übersetzungen und Kommentare zu Themen aus den Bereichen Klassische, Mittel- und Neulateinische Philologie, Alte Geschichte, Archäologie, Antike Philosophie sowie Nachwirken der Antike bis in die Neuzeit. Dadurch leistet die Reihe einen umfassenden Beitrag zur Erschließung klassischer Literatur und zur Forschung im gesamten Gebiet der Altertumswissenschaften.
Civilization --- Platonists. --- Religion. --- Egyptian influences. --- Egypt --- Egypt. --- Rome (Empire). --- Rome --- Platonism --- Philosophers --- Philosophy, Ancient --- Ancient Egyptian religion. --- Platonism. --- Plutarch.
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Ancient Egyptian offering table scenes have been explored from chronological and art historical perspectives over the past century of Egyptological research. This descriptive overview has usually centred on the diachronic evolution of philology and food offerings, focussing less frequently on offering table images as discrete elements of highly codified information. This study investigates gender-based and ritual-dependent afterlife expectations of the deceased over a key phase in Egyptian history from the latter part of the Old Kingdom to the end of the Middle Kingdom Period, c.2686 BC - c.1650 BC. Conclusions indicate that the transformational journey to the afterlife can be understood through a meaningful synthesis of people, produce and ritual embedded within offering table depictions.
Votive offerings --- Egypt --- Antiquities. --- E-books --- Ex-votos --- Offerings, Votive --- Sacrifice --- Ancient Egyptian religion. --- Funeral rites and ceremonies in art.
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"Egypt has a particular longue durée, a continuity of preservation in deep time, not seen in other parts of the world. Over the centuries, ancient buildings have been adopted for purposes that differed from the original. Temple sites have been transformed into places of worship for new deities or turned into houses and tombs. Tombs, in turn, have been adapted to function as human dwellings already in the Late Antique Period. The Afterlives of Egyptian History expands on the traditional academic approach of studying the original function and socio-political circumstances of ancient Egyptian objects, texts, and sites to examine their secondary lives by exploring their reuse, modification, and reinterpretation. Written in honor of the Egyptologist, Edward Bleiberg, this volume brings together a group of luminous scholars from a wide range of fields, including Egyptian archaeology, philology, conservation, and art, to explore the historical circumstances, as well as political and economic situations of people who have come into contact with ancient Egypt, both in antiquity and in more recent times"--
Egypt --- Antiquities. --- Architecture, Egyptian --- Sculpture, Egyptian --- Sacred space --- Buildings --- Remodeling for other use --- Civilization --- Future lives --- Egyptian influences --- Religion --- Future life --- Ancient Egyptian religion.
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"Egypt has a particular longue durée, a continuity of preservation in deep time, not seen in other parts of the world. Over the centuries, ancient buildings have been adopted for purposes that differed from the original. Temple sites have been transformed into places of worship for new deities or turned into houses and tombs. Tombs, in turn, have been adapted to function as human dwellings already in the Late Antique Period. The Afterlives of Egyptian History expands on the traditional academic approach of studying the original function and socio-political circumstances of ancient Egyptian objects, texts, and sites to examine their secondary lives by exploring their reuse, modification, and reinterpretation. Written in honor of the Egyptologist, Edward Bleiberg, this volume brings together a group of luminous scholars from a wide range of fields, including Egyptian archaeology, philology, conservation, and art, to explore the historical circumstances, as well as political and economic situations of people who have come into contact with ancient Egypt, both in antiquity and in more recent times"--
Egypt --- Antiquities. --- Architecture, Egyptian --- Sculpture, Egyptian --- Sacred space --- Buildings --- Remodeling for other use --- Civilization --- Future life --- Egyptian influences --- Ancient Egyptian religion. --- Religion
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