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Innovative uses of global and local networks of linked computers make new ways of collaborative working, learning, and acting possible. In Group Cognition Gerry Stahl explores the technological and social reconfigurations that are needed to achieve computer-supported collaborative knowledge building--group cognition that transcends the limits of individual cognition. Computers can provide active media for social group cognition where ideas grow through the interactions within groups of people; software functionality can manage group discourse that results in shared understandings, new meanings, and collaborative learning. Stahl offers software design prototypes, analyzes empirical instances of collaboration, and elaborates a theory of collaboration that takes the group, rather than the individual, as the unit of analysis. Stahl's design studies concentrate on mechanisms to support group formation, multiple interpretive perspectives, and the negotiation of group knowledge in applications as varied as collaborative curriculum development by teachers, writing summaries by students, and designing space voyages by NASA engineers. His empirical analysis shows how, in small-group collaborations, the group constructs intersubjective knowledge that emerges from and appears in the discourse itself. This discovery of group meaning becomes the springboard for Stahl's outline of a social theory of collaborative knowing. Stahl also discusses such related issues as the distinction between meaning making at the group level and interpretation at the individual level, appropriate research methodology, philosophical directions for group cognition theory, and suggestions for further empirical work.
Computer networks. --- Computer-assisted instruction. --- CAI (Computer-assisted instruction) --- Computer-aided instruction --- Computer-assisted learning --- Computer based instruction --- Computer-enhanced learning --- Electronic data processing in programmed instruction --- ILSs (Integrated learning systems) --- Integrated learning systems --- Microcomputer-aided instruction --- Microcomputer-assisted instruction --- Microcomputer-assisted learning --- Microcomputer-based instruction --- Teaching --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data processing --- Education --- Educational technology --- Programmed instruction --- Telematics --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Information networks --- Telecommunication --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Electronic data processing --- Network computers --- Distributed processing --- COMPUTER SCIENCE/Human Computer Interaction --- Computer-assisted instruction --- Computer networks --- #SBIB:309H103 --- #SBIB:309H1720 --- Mediatechnologie / ICT / digitale media: sociale en culturele aspecten --- Informatiekunde, informatie management
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Rational thinking as exemplified in mathematical cognition is immensely important in the modern world. This book documents how a group of three eighth-grade girls developed specific group practices typical of such thinking in an online educational experience. A longitudinal case study tracks the team through eight hour-long sessions, following the students' meaning-making processes through their mutual chat responses preserved in computer logs coordinated with their geometric actions. The examination of data focuses on key areas of the team's development: its effective team collaboration, its productive mathematical discourse, its enacted use of dynamic-geometry tools, and its ability to identify and construct dynamic-geometry dependencies. This detailed study of group cognition serves as a paradigmatic example of computer-supported collaborative learning, incorporating a unique model of human-computer interaction analysis applied to the use of innovative educational technology. A valuable resource for researchers, instructors, and students alike, it offers concrete suggestions for improving educational practice.
Geometry --- Middle school education. --- Middle school students. --- Mathematical ability. --- Arithmetical ability --- Number ability --- Ability --- Students --- Children --- Intermediate school education --- Education --- Mathematics --- Euclid's Elements --- Study and teaching (Middle school) --- Education (Middle school)
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Computer-assisted instruction. --- Education --- Teaching teams. --- Data processing. --- Co-teaching --- Collaborative teaching --- Cooperative teaching --- Coteaching --- Instructional teams --- Rotation plans (Teaching) --- Team teaching --- Teaching --- Computer uses in education --- Computers in education --- Educational computing --- Microcomputer uses in education --- Microcomputers in education --- CAI (Computer-assisted instruction) --- Computer-aided instruction --- Computer-assisted learning --- Computer based instruction --- Computer-enhanced learning --- Electronic data processing in programmed instruction --- ILSs (Integrated learning systems) --- Integrated learning systems --- Microcomputer-aided instruction --- Microcomputer-assisted instruction --- Microcomputer-assisted learning --- Microcomputer-based instruction --- Educational technology --- Programmed instruction --- Telematics --- Data processing --- Ensenyament assistit per ordinador --- Processament de dades --- Ensenyament en equip
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Computers have transformed how we think, discuss and learn-as individuals, in groups, within cultures and globally. However, social media are problematic, fostering flaming, culture wars and fake news. This volume presents an alternative paradigm for computer support of group thinking, collaborative learning and joint knowledge construction. This requires expanding concepts of cognition to collectivities, like collaborative groups of networked students. Theoretical Investigations explores the conditions for group cognition, supplying a philosophical foundation for new models of pedagogy and methods to analyze group interaction. Twenty-five self-contained investigations document progress in research on computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL)-both in Stahl's own research and during the first decade of the CSCL journal. The volume begins with two new reflections on the vision and theory that result from this research. Representing both ethnomethodological and social-constructivist research paradigms, the investigations within this volume comprise a selection of seminal and influential articles and critical commentaries that contribute to an understanding of concepts and themes central to the CSCL field. The book elaborates an innovative theory of group cognition and substantiates the pedagogical potential of CSCL. Theoretical Investigations: Philosophical Foundations of Group Cognition is essential as a graduate text for courses in educational theory, instructional design, learning and networked technologies. The investigations will also appeal to researchers and practitioners in those areas. .
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Translating Euclid reports on an effort to transform geometry for students from a stylus-and-clay-tablet corpus of historical theorems to a stimulating computer-supported collaborative-learning inquiry experience. The origin of geometry was a turning point in the pre-history of informatics, literacy, and rational thought. Yet, this triumph of human intellect became ossified through historic layers of systematization, beginning with Euclid’s organization of the Elements of geometry. Often taught by memorization of procedures, theorems, and proofs, geometry in schooling rarely conveys its underlying intellectual excitement. The recent development of dynamic-geometry software offers an opportunity to translate the study of geometry into a contemporary vernacular. However, this involves transformations along multiple dimensions of the conceptual and practical context of learning. Translating Euclid steps through the multiple challenges involved in redesigning geometry education to take advantage of computer support. Networked computers portend an interactive approach to exploring dynamic geometry as well as broadened prospects for collaboration. The proposed conception of geometry emphasizes the central role of the construction of dependencies as a design activity, integrating human creation and mathematical discovery to form a human-centered approach to mathematics. This book chronicles an iterative effort to adapt technology, theory, pedagogy and practice to support this vision of collaborative dynamic geometry and to evolve the approach through on-going cycles of trial with students and refinement of resources. It thereby provides a case study of a design-based research effort in computer-supported collaborative learning from a human-centered informatics perspective.
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Studying Virtual Math Teams centers on detailed empirical studies of how students in small online groups make sense of math issues and how they solve problems by making meaning together. These studies are woven together with materials that describe the online environment and pedagogical orientation, as well as reflections on the theoretical implications of the findings in the studies. The nature of group cognition and shared meaning making in collaborative learning is a foundational research issue in CSCL. More generally, the theme of sense making is a central topic in information science. While many authors allude to these topics, few have provided this kind of detailed analysis of the mechanisms of intersubjective meaning making. This book presents a coherent research agenda that has been pursued by the author and his research group. The book opens with descriptions of the project and its methodology, as well as situating this research in the past and present context of the CSCL research field. The core research team then presents five concrete analyses of group interactions in different phases of the Virtual Math Teams research project. These chapters are followed by several studies by international collaborators, discussing the group discourse, the software affordances and alternative representations of the interaction, all using data from the VMT project. The concluding chapters address implications for the theory of group cognition and for the methodology of the learning sciences. In addition to substantial introductory and concluding chapters, this important new book includes analyses based upon the author's previous research, thereby providing smooth continuity and an engaging flow that follows the progression of the research. The VMT project has dual goals: (a) to provide a source of experience and data for practical and theoretical explorations of group knowledge building and (b) to develop an effective online environment and educational service for collaborative learning of mathematics. Studying Virtual Math Teams reflects these twin orientations, reviewing the intertwined aims and development of a rigorous science of small-group cognition and a Web 2.0 educational math service. It documents the kinds of interactional methods that small groups use to explore math issues and provides a glimpse into the potential of online interaction to promote productive math discourse.
Group work in education. --- Mathematics --Computer-assisted instruction. --- Mathematics --Electronic discussion groups. --- Mathematics --- Group work in education --- Education, Special Topics --- Education --- Social Sciences --- Computer-assisted instruction --- Electronic discussion groups --- Computer-assisted instruction. --- CAI (Computer-assisted instruction) --- Computer-aided instruction --- Computer-assisted learning --- Computer based instruction --- Computer-enhanced learning --- Electronic data processing in programmed instruction --- ILSs (Integrated learning systems) --- Integrated learning systems --- Microcomputer-aided instruction --- Microcomputer-assisted instruction --- Microcomputer-assisted learning --- Microcomputer-based instruction --- Teaching --- Data processing --- Education. --- Educational technology. --- Learning & Instruction. --- Educational Technology. --- Mathematics Education. --- Study and teaching. --- Instructional technology --- Technology in education --- Technology --- Educational innovations --- Instructional systems --- Children --- Education, Primitive --- Education of children --- Human resource development --- Instruction --- Pedagogy --- Schooling --- Students --- Youth --- Civilization --- Learning and scholarship --- Mental discipline --- Schools --- Training --- Aids and devices --- Educational technology --- Programmed instruction --- Telematics --- Mathematics. --- Math --- Science --- Learning. --- Instruction. --- Mathematics—Study and teaching . --- Learning process --- Comprehension
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Studying Virtual Math Teams centers on detailed empirical studies of how students in small online groups make sense of math issues and how they solve problems by making meaning together. These studies are woven together with materials that describe the online environment and pedagogical orientation, as well as reflections on the theoretical implications of the findings in the studies. The nature of group cognition and shared meaning making in collaborative learning is a foundational research issue in CSCL. More generally, the theme of sense making is a central topic in information science. While many authors allude to these topics, few have provided this kind of detailed analysis of the mechanisms of intersubjective meaning making. This book presents a coherent research agenda that has been pursued by the author and his research group. The book opens with descriptions of the project and its methodology, as well as situating this research in the past and present context of the CSCL research field. The core research team then presents five concrete analyses of group interactions in different phases of the Virtual Math Teams research project. These chapters are followed by several studies by international collaborators, discussing the group discourse, the software affordances and alternative representations of the interaction, all using data from the VMT project. The concluding chapters address implications for the theory of group cognition and for the methodology of the learning sciences. In addition to substantial introductory and concluding chapters, this important new book includes analyses based upon the author's previous research, thereby providing smooth continuity and an engaging flow that follows the progression of the research. The VMT project has dual goals: (a) to provide a source of experience and data for practical and theoretical explorations of group knowledge building and (b) to develop an effective online environment and educational service for collaborative learning of mathematics. Studying Virtual Math Teams reflects these twin orientations, reviewing the intertwined aims and development of a rigorous science of small-group cognition and a Web 2.0 educational math service. It documents the kinds of interactional methods that small groups use to explore math issues and provides a glimpse into the potential of online interaction to promote productive math discourse.
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