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Myanmar's National Health Plan (NHP) for 2017-2021 has laid out the vision of achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) by 2030. The NHP aims to improve the delivery of health services and financial protection for Myanmar people through substantial investments in frontline service delivery units and through a range of reforms in the health system, including on health financing. This report assesses Myanmar's health financing system. The analysis is structured around three main sets of questions: (i) Who pays for health in Myanmar? Given that the government needs to invest more in the health sector, where could (or should) the money come from; (ii) Are prepaid and pooled funds for health sufficient and equitable? What additional pooling arrangements could Myanmar consider; and (iii) What key steps and reforms are needed for Myanmar to develop the capabilities of a strategic purchaser in the medium term? This Health Financing System Assessment aims to inform health financing policy choices that the Government of Myanmar will need to make as part of the development and implementation of its Health Financing Strategy.

Health economics and finance --- Health finance --- Health systems development and reform --- Health, nutrition and population

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Ensuring access to essential medicines is a key objective of all health systems, and is an integral component of the progress towards universal health coverage (UHC). Despite global and national efforts to improve access and affordability of medicines, millions of people - particularly in low- and middle-income countries - still remain without access to quality-assured and affordable medicines. This study aims to contribute to existing knowledge on regulatory systems and harmonization efforts in Southeast Asia. Focusing on five member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) - Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, an Vietnam - this study gives an overview of pharmaceutical markets and key pharmaceutical policies in the region, provides a cross-country comparison of medicines regulatory systems, and details harmonization efforts, opportunities, and challenges.

Health Policy and Management --- Health Systems Development and Reform --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Pharmaceuticals and Pharmacoeconomics

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In order to address the large and growing non-communicable disease (NCD) burden, Bangladesh's public health system needs to change and innovate. It needs to transition from a system designed for infectious disease and mother and child health to an integrated care system with focus on primary health care, out-patient and chronic care, as well as community health promotion. This report presents findings from an NCD cascade analysis, using hypertension as a tracer condition as well as type-2 diabetes, in order to determine the continuum of care for chronic NCDs in Bangladesh. The cascade findings are embedded in a review of the country's policy and health care delivery environment for NCDs and a benchmarking assessment against similar economies and regional comparator countries. The report also presents promising practices and models of NCD and chronic care in Bangladesh and elsewhere. Based on the evidence reviewed and analyses conducted, the report provides recommendations for different aspects of NCD policy and programming. These are meant to provide input into the dialogue on how to improve NCD integrated care and outcomes in Bangladesh. The support is provided within the World Bank's assistance to countries to strengthen NCD care through data-driven resource allocation and decision-making.

Disease Control and Prevention --- Health Systems Development and Reform --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Public Health Promotion

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This report describes the short-term outcomes of an evaluation study for five different HIV cohorts using routinely collected data. The evaluation study is a collaboration between the National Department of Health of South Africa, the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) and the World Bank. Boston University/Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office (HE2RO) is the academic partner in the evaluation. The overall aims of the evaluation are to assess the impact of South Africa`s Adherence Guideline interventions on HIV patients' treatment outcomes; estimate the costs of the interventions; and describe the cascade of care for TB, hypertension, and diabetes at the same clinics. The short-term endpoints reported on herein concern ART initiation among FTIC eligible patients, ARV medication pick-up among AC and DMD eligible patients, retention in care among TRIC eligible patients, and viral load suppression among EAC eligible patients. The final outcomes of this evaluation will be reported on separately, once patients have been follow-up for one year and routine data on viral load suppression and retention in care become available.

Health Care Services Industry --- Health Systems Development and Reform --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Industry

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This report summarizes the findings of an allocative efficiency analysis to support Cote d'Ivoire's national HIV response. The study was conducted at the request of the Government of Cote d'Ivoire by the World Bank, the University of Bern, the Burnet Institute and the University of New South Wales in collaboration with UNAIDS. The analysis was conducted using Optima, a mathematical model of HIV transmission and disease progression that is population-based and flexible. Optima provides a formal method of optimization that quantitatively and objectively determines optimal allocations of HIV resources across numerous prevention and treatment programs to address multiple policy objectives. The model also estimates intervention impact, cost-effectiveness and return-on-investment, and provides analysis on the longer-term financial consequences of HIV infections and HIV investments.

Health Economics and Finance --- Health Systems Development and Reform --- Health, Nutrition and Population