Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Hot stamping is a hot drawing process which takes advantage of the polymorphic steel behavior to produce parts with a good strength-to-weight ratio. For the simulation of the hot stamping process, a nonlinear two-scale thermomechanical model is suggested and implemented into the FE tool ABAQUS. Phase transformation and transformation induced plasticity effects are taken into account. The simulation results regarding the final shape and residual stresses are compared to experimental findings.

Presshärten --- Two-Scale Modeling --- Phasenumwandlung --- Zweiskalige Modellierung --- Warmumformung --- Hot Stamping --- Semi-Analytical Homogenization --- Semi-analytische Homogenisierung --- Phase Transformation --- Hot Working

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Mechanical alloying is a technique of producing alloys and compounds that permits the development of metastable materials (with amorphous or nanocrystalline microstructure) or the fabrication of solid solutions with extended solubility. The elements or compounds to be mixed (usually as powders) are introduced in jars usually under a controlled atmosphere. Regarding the scope of this book, advanced materials have been developed by mechanical alloying: Fe–X–B–Cu (X = Nb, NiZr) nanocrystalline alloys, mixtures of the binary Fe–Mn and Fe–Cr alloys with chromium and manganese nitrides, Mn–Al–Co and Mn–Fe alloys, non-equiatomic refractory high-entropy alloys, nanocrystalline Fe–Cr steels, nanaocrystalline Mn–Co–Fe–Ge–Si alloys, Al–Y2O3 nanocomposite, and hydride-forming alloys. Likewise, production conditions and ulterior treatments can provide readers interesting ideas about the procedure to produce alloys with specific microstructure and functional behavior (mechanical, magnetic, corrosion resistance, hydrogen storage, magnetocaloric effect, wastewater treatment, and so on). As an example, to obtain the improvement in the functional properties of the alloys and compounds, sometimes controlled annealing is needed (annealing provokes the relaxation of the mechanical-induced strain). Furthermore, the powders can be consolidated (press, spark plasma sintering,and microwave sintering) to obtain bulk materials.

Technology. --- aluminum --- yttrium oxide (yttria) --- mechanical alloying --- microwave sintering --- microstructure and mechanical properties --- half-Heusler alloys --- Mössbauer spectroscopy --- metal hydrides --- hydrogen storage --- hydriding kinetics --- surface modification --- refractory --- high entropy alloy --- phase transformation --- mechanical properties --- reactive black 5 --- decolorization --- UV-visible spectrophotometry --- LC-MS analysis --- austenitic alloys --- high-nitrogen steels --- atomic redistribution --- point defects --- microstructure --- Fe based alloys --- nanocrystalline (NC) alloy --- microcrystalline (MC) alloy --- ball-milling --- oxidation resistance --- aluminum --- yttrium oxide (yttria) --- mechanical alloying --- microwave sintering --- microstructure and mechanical properties --- half-Heusler alloys --- Mössbauer spectroscopy --- metal hydrides --- hydrogen storage --- hydriding kinetics --- surface modification --- refractory --- high entropy alloy --- phase transformation --- mechanical properties --- reactive black 5 --- decolorization --- UV-visible spectrophotometry --- LC-MS analysis --- austenitic alloys --- high-nitrogen steels --- atomic redistribution --- point defects --- microstructure --- Fe based alloys --- nanocrystalline (NC) alloy --- microcrystalline (MC) alloy --- ball-milling --- oxidation resistance

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Mechanical alloying is a technique of producing alloys and compounds that permits the development of metastable materials (with amorphous or nanocrystalline microstructure) or the fabrication of solid solutions with extended solubility. The elements or compounds to be mixed (usually as powders) are introduced in jars usually under a controlled atmosphere. Regarding the scope of this book, advanced materials have been developed by mechanical alloying: Fe–X–B–Cu (X = Nb, NiZr) nanocrystalline alloys, mixtures of the binary Fe–Mn and Fe–Cr alloys with chromium and manganese nitrides, Mn–Al–Co and Mn–Fe alloys, non-equiatomic refractory high-entropy alloys, nanocrystalline Fe–Cr steels, nanaocrystalline Mn–Co–Fe–Ge–Si alloys, Al–Y2O3 nanocomposite, and hydride-forming alloys. Likewise, production conditions and ulterior treatments can provide readers interesting ideas about the procedure to produce alloys with specific microstructure and functional behavior (mechanical, magnetic, corrosion resistance, hydrogen storage, magnetocaloric effect, wastewater treatment, and so on). As an example, to obtain the improvement in the functional properties of the alloys and compounds, sometimes controlled annealing is needed (annealing provokes the relaxation of the mechanical-induced strain). Furthermore, the powders can be consolidated (press, spark plasma sintering,and microwave sintering) to obtain bulk materials.

aluminum --- yttrium oxide (yttria) --- mechanical alloying --- microwave sintering --- microstructure and mechanical properties --- half-Heusler alloys --- Mössbauer spectroscopy --- metal hydrides --- hydrogen storage --- hydriding kinetics --- surface modification --- refractory --- high entropy alloy --- phase transformation --- mechanical properties --- reactive black 5 --- decolorization --- UV-visible spectrophotometry --- LC-MS analysis --- austenitic alloys --- high-nitrogen steels --- atomic redistribution --- point defects --- microstructure --- Fe based alloys --- nanocrystalline (NC) alloy --- microcrystalline (MC) alloy --- ball-milling --- oxidation resistance --- n/a --- Mössbauer spectroscopy --- Technology.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Biomaterials—the materials used for the manufacturing of medical devices— are part of everyday life. Each one of us has likely had the experience of visting a dentist’s office, where a number of biomaterials are used temporarily or permanently in the mouth. Devices that are more complex are used for to support, heal, or replace living tissues or organs in the body that are suffering or compromised by different conditions. The materials used in their construction are metals and metallic alloys, polymers—ranging from elastomers to adhesives—and ceramics.Within these three cases, there are materials that are inert in the living environment, that perform an active function, or that are dissolved and resorbed by the metabolic pathways. Biomaterials are the outcome of a dynamic field of research that is driven by a growing demand and by the competition among the manufacturers of medical devices, with innovations improving the performance of existing devices and that contribute to the development of new ones. The collection of papers forming this volume have one particular class of of biomaterial in common, ceramic (bioceramic) composites, which as so far been used in applications such as orthopaedic joint replacement as well as in dental implants and restorations and that is being intensively investigated for bone regeneration applications. Today’s bioceramic composites (alumina–zirconia) are the golden standard in joint replacements. Several manufracturers have proposed different zirconia–alumina composites for use in hip, knee, and shoulder joint replacements, with several other innovative devices also being under study. In addition, bioceramic composites with innovative compositions are under development and will be on the market in years to come. Something that is especially interesting is the application of bioceramic composites in the regeneration of bone tissues. Research has devoted special attention to the doping of well-known materials (i.e., calcium phosphates and silicates) with bioactive ions, aiming to enhance the osteogenic ability and bioresorbability of man-made grafts. Moreover, high expectations rely on hybrid biopolymer/ceramic materials that mimic the complex composition and multiscale structure of bone tissue.

biomaterials --- bone grafts --- bone repair --- dental implants --- scaffolds --- alumina --- zirconia --- Alumina-Toughened Zirconia --- Zirconia-Toughened Alumina --- hip arthroplasty --- calcium phosphates --- hydroxyapatite --- bone cements --- bioactive composites --- bone regeneration --- zirconia–alumina composite --- stabilizing oxides --- critical grain size --- tetragonality --- mechanical properties --- fracture toughness --- flexural strength --- ceramic additive manufacturing --- DLP --- bioceramics --- calcium phosphate --- carbon fibers --- mineralization --- zirconia-toughened alumina --- phase transformation --- Raman spectroscopy --- calcium-based biomineralization --- hydroxyapatite nanoparticles --- biomimicry --- multifunctional materials --- Freeze Foam --- hybrid bone --- biocompatibility --- bone replacement --- transformation toughening --- platelet reinforcement --- hip --- alumina matrix composite --- AMC --- hip prosthesis --- prosthesis --- case series --- ceramic-on-ceramic --- n/a --- zirconia-alumina composite

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book is a collection of several unique articles on the current state of research on complex concentrated alloys, as well as their compelling future opportunities in wide ranging applications. Complex concentrated alloys consist of multiple principal elements and represent a new paradigm in structural alloy design. They show a range of exceptional properties that are unachievable in conventional alloys, including high strength–ductility combination, resistance to oxidation, corrosion/wear resistance, and excellent high-temperature properties. The research articles, reviews, and perspectives are intended to provide a wholistic view of this multidisciplinary subject of interest to scientists and engineers.

History of engineering & technology --- high-entropy alloy --- laser cladding --- microstructure --- slurry erosion --- Nb/SiC composite material --- hot pressing sintering --- mechanical property --- corrosion --- surface degradation --- wear --- high entropy alloys --- complex concentrated alloys --- potentiodynamic polarization --- erosion-corrosion --- slurry-erosion --- oxidation wear --- highly wear resistant coatings --- multi-principal element alloys --- computational models --- first-principles calculations --- molecular dynamics --- phases --- properties --- dislocation nucleation --- activation volume --- activation energy --- nano-indentation --- high/medium entropy alloys --- spark plasma sintering --- pressure --- mechanical properties --- high-entropy --- high pressure --- high pressure torsion --- diamond anvil cells --- CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloys --- additive manufacturing --- corrosion behavior --- non-equilibrium microstructure --- micro-pores --- high-entropy alloys --- corrosion resistance --- wear resistance --- serrated flow --- thermal coarsening --- actuators --- phase transformation --- nanoporous metals and alloys --- AlCoCrFeNi2.1 --- CCA --- HEA --- aging --- precipitates --- tribology --- creep --- stress exponent --- data analysis --- high-entropy alloy --- laser cladding --- microstructure --- slurry erosion --- Nb/SiC composite material --- hot pressing sintering --- mechanical property --- corrosion --- surface degradation --- wear --- high entropy alloys --- complex concentrated alloys --- potentiodynamic polarization --- erosion-corrosion --- slurry-erosion --- oxidation wear --- highly wear resistant coatings --- multi-principal element alloys --- computational models --- first-principles calculations --- molecular dynamics --- phases --- properties --- dislocation nucleation --- activation volume --- activation energy --- nano-indentation --- high/medium entropy alloys --- spark plasma sintering --- pressure --- mechanical properties --- high-entropy --- high pressure --- high pressure torsion --- diamond anvil cells --- CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloys --- additive manufacturing --- corrosion behavior --- non-equilibrium microstructure --- micro-pores --- high-entropy alloys --- corrosion resistance --- wear resistance --- serrated flow --- thermal coarsening --- actuators --- phase transformation --- nanoporous metals and alloys --- AlCoCrFeNi2.1 --- CCA --- HEA --- aging --- precipitates --- tribology --- creep --- stress exponent --- data analysis