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Significant income gains from migrating from poorer to richer countries have motivated unilateral (source-country) policies facilitating labor emigration. However, their effectiveness is unknown. The authors conducted a large-scale randomized experiment in the Philippines testing the impact of unilaterally facilitating international labor migration. The most intensive treatment doubled the rate of job offers but had no identifiable effect on international labor migration. Even the highest overseas job-search rate that was induced (22 percent) falls far short of the share initially expressing interest in migrating (34 percent). The paper concludes that unilateral migration facilitation will at most induce a trickle, not a flood, of additional emigration.
Access to Finance --- Barriers to Migration --- Field Experiment --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Imperfect Information --- International Migration --- Job-Matching --- Labor Markets --- Labor Policies --- Passport Costs --- Population Policies --- Private Sector Development --- Unilateral Migration Policy --- Voluntary and Involuntary Resettlement
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We tend to think of citizenship as something that is either offered or denied by a state. Modern history teaches otherwise. Reimagining citizenship as a legal spectrum along which individuals can travel, Extraterritorial Dreams explores the history of Ottoman Jews who sought, acquired, were denied or stripped of citizenship in Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries-as the Ottoman Empire retracted and new states were born-in order to ask larger questions about the nature of citizenship itself. Sarah Abrevaya Stein traces the experiences of Mediterranean Jewish women, men, and families who lived through a tumultuous series of wars, border changes, genocides, and mass migrations, all in the shadow of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the ascendance of the modern passport regime. Moving across vast stretches of Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and the Americas, she tells the intimate stories of people struggling to find a legal place in a world ever more divided by political boundaries and competing nationalist sentiments. From a poor youth who reached France as a stowaway only to be hunted by the Parisian police as a spy to a wealthy Baghdadi-born man in Shanghai who willed his fortune to his Eurasian Buddhist wife, Stein tells stories that illuminate the intertwined nature of minority histories and global politics through the turbulence of the modern era.
Jews --- Sephardim --- Jews --- Jews --- History --- History --- History --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- History. --- europe, western world, jews, jewish, judaism, sephardi, ottoman, 20th century, modern, contemporary, academic, scholarly, research, learning, educational, classroom, professor, guggenheim, citizenship, immigrant, immigration, history, historical, travel, refugee, 1900s, 1800s, genocide, borders, empire, politics, political, crisis, mediterranean, migration, passport, regime change, legal issues, legality, true story, territory, minority, global, international.
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Award-winning journalist Tyche Hendricks has explored the U.S.-Mexico borderlands by car and by foot, on horseback, and in the back of a pickup truck. She has shared meals with border residents, listened to their stories, and visited their homes, churches, hospitals, farms, and jails. In this dazzling portrait of one of the least understood and most debated regions in the country, Hendricks introduces us to the ordinary Americans and Mexicans who live there-cowboys and Indians, factory workers and physicians, naturalists and nuns. A new picture of the borderlands emerges, and we find that this region is not the dividing line so often imagined by Americans, but is a common ground alive with the energy of cultural exchange and international commerce, burdened with too-rapid growth and binational conflict, and underlain with a deep sense of history.
International relations. --- Mexican-American Border Region --- Social conditions. --- americans. --- border policies. --- border residents. --- borderlands. --- common grounds. --- controversial. --- cowboys. --- crossing border. --- cultural exchange. --- debated. --- divisive. --- emigration. --- factory workers. --- factual account. --- immigration and immigrants. --- immigration. --- international relations. --- international trade. --- journalism. --- mexicans. --- national conflict. --- nonfiction. --- personal stories. --- political policies. --- united states border. --- united states passport. --- us mexico relations.
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In 1921 and 1924, the United States passed laws to sharply reduce the influx of immigrants into the country. By allocating only small "as to the nations of southern and eastern Europe, and banning almost all immigration from Asia, the new laws were supposed to stem the tide of foreigners considered especially inferior and dangerous. However, immigrants continued to come, sailing into the port of New York with fake passports, or from Cuba to Florida, hidden in the holds of boats loaded with contraband liquor. Jews, one of the main targets of the "a laws, figured prominently in the new international underworld of illegal immigration. However, they ultimately managed to escape permanent association with the identity of the "illegal alien" in a way that other groups, such as Mexicans, thus far, have not. In After They Closed the Gates, Libby Garland tells the untold stories of the Jewish migrants and smugglers involved in that underworld, showing how such stories contributed to growing national anxieties about illegal immigration. Garland also helps us understand how Jews were linked to, and then unlinked from, the specter of illegal immigration. By tracing this complex history, Garland offers compelling insights into the contingent nature of citizenship, belonging, and Americanness.
Jews, European --- Immigrants --- Noncitizens --- Emigration and immigration law --- Illegal immigration. --- History --- History --- History --- History --- United States --- Emigration and immigration --- History --- immigration, illegal, united states, 1900s, 1920s, 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, jewish, judaism, jew, religion, religious studies, faith, belief, eastern europe, bans, laws, legal issues, litigation, new york, passport, ports, cuba, florida, contraband, travel, alien, identity, migrants, smugglers, xenophobia, 20th century, academic, scholarly, research, historical, history, emigration, society.
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Challenging those who accept or advocate executive supremacy in American foreign-policy making, Constitutional Diplomacy proposes that we abandon the supine roles often assigned our legislative and judicial branches in that field. This book, by the former Legal Counsel to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, is the first comprehensive analysis of foreign policy and constitutionalism to appear in over fifteen years. In the interval since the last major work on this theme was published, the War Powers Resolution has ignited a heated controversy, several major treaties have aroused passionate disagreement over the Senate's role, intelligence abuses have been revealed and remedial legislation debated, and the Iran-Contra affair has highlighted anew the extent of disagreement over first principles. Exploring the implications of these and earlier foreign policy disputes, Michael Glennon maintains that the objectives of diplomacy cannot be successfully pursued by discarding constitutional interests. Glennon probes in detail the important foreign-policy responsibilities given to Congress by the Constitution and the duty given to the courts of resolving disputes between Congress and the President concerning the power to make foreign policy. He reviews the scope of the prime tools of diplomacy, the war power and the treaty power, and examines the concept of national security. Throughout the work he considers the intricate weave of two legal systems: American constitutional principles and the international law norms that are part of the U.S. domestic legal system.
POLITICAL SCIENCE / International Relations / General. --- United States --- Foreign relations --- Law and legislation. --- Berger, Raoul. --- Bernstein exception. --- Boland Amendment. --- Bricker amendment. --- Bumpers amendment. --- Cardozo, Benjamin. --- Charles II. --- Congo rescue mission. --- Connally reservation. --- Dominican Republic. --- Eagleton, Thomas. --- General Accounting Office. --- Grenada. --- Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. --- Hamilton, Alexander. --- Heritage Foundation. --- Honduras. --- Impoundment Control Act. --- Jackson, Robert. --- Japan treaty. --- Korean Airline shoot-down. --- Laos. --- Massachusetts. --- National Security Act of 1947. --- Niagara Reservation. --- Oxford Union. --- Platt amendment. --- Restatement of Agency. --- Saigon. --- Sandalow, Terry. --- Stewart, Potter. --- actio popularis. --- adverse possession. --- assassination. --- checks and balances. --- confirmation power. --- covert operations. --- custom. --- delegation doctrine. --- dualism. --- emergency presidential powers. --- executive agreements. --- functional analysis. --- judicial review. --- kidnapping. --- legal realism. --- legislative veto. --- nuclear testing. --- passport restrictions. --- rule of recognition. --- third agency rule.
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