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Cet ouvrage se donne pour tâche d’élucider les rapports entre mathématiques et philosophie chez Leibniz, à partir d’une étude fine de ses manuscrits inédits. Le fil qu’il suit est celui donné par le philosophe lui-même quand il retraçait l’intérêt philosophique qu’avait à ses yeux les mathématiques, celui de « l’analyse des notions et des vérités ». On montre comment Leibniz y a appuyé une nouvelle manière de faire des mathématiques, fondée sur l’analyse conceptuelle – qui anticipe, à bien des égards, ce qui sera appelé au XIXe siècle les « mathématiques conceptuelles ». L’historien des mathématiques y trouvera donc des informations utiles sur la généalogie de cette approche, tandis que l’épistémologue y trouvera un matériau largement inédit de réflexion philosophique sur la pratique mathématique.
Mathematics --- Mathématiques --- Philosophy. --- Philosophie. --- Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, --- Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, --- Critique et interprétation
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"This book explores and compares the reflections on space and quantity found in the works of five philosophers: Spinoza, Leibniz, Bergson, Whitehead, and Deleuze. What unites these philosophers is a series of metaphysical concerns rooted in 17th-century rationalism and embraced in 20th-century philosophies of process and difference. At the heart of these concerns is the need for a comprehensive metaphysical account of the diversity and individuality of things. This demand leads to a shared critique of Cartesian and Newtonian conceptions of space. The most problematic aspect of those notions of space is homogeneity. In essence, uniform space fails to explain the differences between locations, thus violating the principle of sufficient reason. Cartesian and Newtonian theories of space thereby fail to meet the metaphysical requirement for explaining diversity and individuality. The traditional concept of quantity faces similar issues. Motivated by these problems, these five philosophers develop an alternative conception of space and quantity. By examining these theories, the book sheds new light on an unexplored relation between rationalism and 20th-century Continental philosophy. A Geometry of Sufficient Reason will appeal to scholars and graduate students working in Continental philosophy, history of philosophy, metaphysics, and the history and philosophy of science"--
Universe --- Philosophy. --- Univers --- Philosophy --- Philosophie. --- Spinoza, Benedictus de, --- Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, --- Bergson, Henri, --- Whitehead, Alfred North, --- Deleuze, Gilles, --- Spinoza, Baruch, --- Critique et interprétation --- Critique et interprétation --- Universals (Philosophy) --- Space --- Quantity (Philosophy) --- Rationalism --- Continental philosophy
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